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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anytime you see PLUS what does that mean
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suspension vehicle
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what vehicle can be made in any pharmacy
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methylcellulose
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what is the easiest solution to make
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simple solution,
prepared by dissolving drug in solvent |
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what's the 1ST thing you have to do when making suspensions/solutions/emulsions? (to the bottle)
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calibrate it
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what form of the drug do you use in a suspension to mask the taste
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insoluble form
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what are non aqueous vehicles called
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fixed oils
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what % of syrup retards growth
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65% w/w
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when are elixers used
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hydroalcoholic solutions
when drug is soluble in R-OH and not water, IE drug is not soluble in water alone |
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how are elixers prepared
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dissolve R-OH components in R-OH
dissolve water components in water add the water components to the R-OH to maintain the highest concentration of R-OH |
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what are advantages of solutions
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doses easily adjusted up or down
homogenous dose immediate availability for absorption and distribution in the body |
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what are disadvantages of solutions
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can't mask taste
inaccurate dosing drug is less stable in solution vs powder |
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when are emulsions prepared
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when you want to deliver oilly and aqueous substances in the same mixture
ONLY MAKE EMULSIONS WHEN THE DRUG IS AN OIL |
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do emulsions form spontaneously
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no they require energy
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what is a primary emulsion
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water, emulsifying agent, oil
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what methods can be used to prepare emulsions
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dry gum (continental) method
heat fusion wet gum (english) method |
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what are the steps of the heat fusion method
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ingredients seperated into two groups, water soluble and oil soluble. they are then dissolved in their respective solvents then the two phases are added together.
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what are the steps for wet gum method
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emulsifying agent is wetted with a water miscible wetting agent then added to 4 parts water then 2 parts oil is added
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what is the function of emulsifying agent
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to minimize the tendency of globules to coalese into bigger globules and seperate the liquieds
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what is an example of an emulsifying agent
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Acacia (high HLB value therefore hydrophillic)
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what are the tests done to determine what type of emulsion
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dye solubility test
dilution test |
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what is done in the dilution test
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add H2O/Oil and see which one causes the emulsion to break.
Ex if add water to emulsion and nothing happens then the external phase is water therefore o/w emulsion |
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what is done in the dye solubility test
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add oil/water soluble dye and if the dye causes the emulsion to change you know the external phase
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what are examples of water soluble and oil soluble dyes
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water soluble = methyl blue
oil soluble = sudan 3 |
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what numerical value can tell you whether the emulsion is o/w or w/o
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HLB of emulsifying agent
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when can you determine whether to compound a suspension, emulsion, solution etc
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after loooking at the reference book and determining drug solubility
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what percent of the final weight/volume can flavors be
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1-3%
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which flavor do you add first the weaker or stronger
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weaker
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for preparations taken by mouth how is the strength listed
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mg/ml
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for topical preparations how is the strength listed
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% strength b/c don't know how much the patient will use
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what are examples of wetting agents
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alcohols, glycerine, hygroscopic liquids
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