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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
pharyngitis background
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- 80-90% of cases are viral, however should do swab to rule out Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (strep throat)
- may cause rheumatic fever (18 days later) and acute glomerulonephritis (10 days) |
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pharyngitis symptoms
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- pharyngeal exudate, fever headache abdominal pain
- strawberry tongue - truncal axillary perineal rash - lymphadenopathy |
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pharyngitis management
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- penicllin/eryhtromycin if allergic
- throw away toothbrush - contagious from onset of symp to 24h start of antibiotics |
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Tonsillectomy adenoidectomy considerations (post op)
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Diet
- don't eat red/brown liquids - may be conufsed with blood - milk coats back of throat Positioning - keep on side or prone while unconscious, sit up while awake Comfort - ice collar Instrunction - discourage coughing/blowing nose Assessment - excessive swallowing (blood) |
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tonsils vs adenoids
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palatine tonsils
adenoids = tonsils at back of nasopharynx |
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what are tonsils
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lymphoid tissue that filter pathogens and aid instimulation of
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otitis media background
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patho
- occurs when eustachian tube is blocked, causing build up of secretions in middle ear - ie edema from infection, allergies - commonly occurs after RSV or influenza - common during first 24 mo due to horizontal eustachian tube |
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otitis media risk factors
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- second hand smoke
- formula feeding - cleft L/P, down syndrome - daycare centers, high exposure - winter |
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otitis media assessment
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two types of OM
acute otitis media - caused by infection - bulging yellow or red tympanic membrance - fever otitis media effusion - collection of fluid w/o infection - stiff orange tympanic membrane - vague findings - cough, rhinits, diarrhea |
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prevention of OM
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- pneumococcal vaccine dec OM 80% in children <2yoa
- complete antibiotics - breastfeed 6 mo - upright position while feeding - no bottle propping - eliminating tobacco smoke exposure and allergens |
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treatment of OM
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- antibiotics, acetominophen/ibuprofen
- myringotomy and tympanoplasty - laser incision of ear drum, then placing in tube to equalize pressure |
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croup syndrome background
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- characterized by hoarseness, stridor, and respiratory distress
- may infect epiglottis, or larynx-trachea-bronchi - acute epiglottitis and acute LTB - viral |
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croup ss
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laryngotracheobronchitis
- barking cough, stridor - more common in children less than 5yo acute epiglottitis - more common in children 2-8yo - sudden onset of sore throat and dynophagia - frog croak inspirations, tripod, drooling (because of painful swallow), agitation |
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croup meds
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- racemic epinephrine (nebulizer)
- corticosteriods - antibiotics |
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contraindication for croup
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- throat examinations contraindicated until perssonel available to do emergency tracheostomy
- this is because an examination may stimulate further obstruction |
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broncholitis patho
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- commonly caused by RSV
- resp epithilial cells lose cilia and fuse forming a multinucleated cell (synctia) |
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broncholitis ss
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- initially a URI + or - OM/conjunctivitis
- progresses to lower resp tract - - apnea in young infants |
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broncholitis meds
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- bronchodilators
- racemic epinephrine - no corticosteriods, CPT, antibiotics - palizvizumab (synagis) - IM antibody |
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pneumonia etiology
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4 types
- viral - more common - bacterial - atypical - mycoplasma/strep - aspiration |
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Pneumonia nursing management
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- lie on affected side to reduce pleural rubbing
- O2, sunctioning - postural drainage, CPT, nebulizer |
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pneumonia medications
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- antipyretics
- antitussives - bronchodilators - antibiotoics **prevent with pneumococcal vaccine** |