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70 Cards in this Set
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mary ainsworth
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developmental psych; 'a strange situation' attachment theory;
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secure attachment
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infant explore while parent present; emotional when parent leaves/enters; won't interact with stranger when parent not there
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anxious-ambivalent
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anxious to explore and with stranger no matter if mom present or not; extreme distress when mom leaves; resistant to mom when reunited; caused by mom being engaged with child on own terms/ needs not met all the time
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avoidant
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avoid/ignore mother; show no emotion when mom exit/enters; doesn't explore no matter who in room; due to a disengaged style parenting
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piaget
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swiss; cognitive development theory; worked with kids
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cognitive development
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constructivist theory; we construct our cognitive abilities through self-motivated action in the world.
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sensorimotor period
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0-2 years old; 1) birth to one month - reflex scheme 2) 1 month to 4 - primary circular reaction phase - relates to habits 3) 4-8 mo. - 2nd circ reac phase - hand eye coordination 4) 8-12 mo. - co-ordination of secondary course round modest circular reactions stage - object permanence 5) 12-18 mo. - tertiary circular reactions phase - creative experiementation little scientist 6) 18-24 mo. - beginnings of symbolic representation - planing how to achieve an objective
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object permanence
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knowing that an object continues to exist even when not present
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preoperational period
decentration irreversibility |
(pre)operatory thought - learns symbolic rep (using name/pic conect to object); still egocentric
decentration - cant see things from others eyes) preoperational stage - 2-7 years; learn language; not logical yet;theory of mind important irreversibility - cant see a sequence backwards |
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egocentrism
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inability to differenciate between object and subject; emotions towards inanimate objects
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concrete operations period
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3rd stage; between 7-11; use logic
Seriation; classification; decentering; reversability; conservation; elimination of egocentrism |
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seriation
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ability to sort objects by characteristics (size shape etc)
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classification
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ability to name GROUPS of objects by characteristics
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decentering
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takes multiple aspects of a problem into consideration to solve it
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conservation
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length, quantity has nothing to do with appearance of object
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elimination of egocentrism
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starts at 12 (puberty) through adulthood; abstract thinking; logical thinking; draw conclusions; ex: concept of love, shades of gray, etc
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erikson
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danish-american; personality psychosocial development theory; identity crisis phrase
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personality psychosocial development
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8 stages: trust vs mistrust; autonomy vs. shame/doubt; initiative vs guilt; industry vs. inferiority; identity vs. confusion; intimacy vs isolation; generativity vs. self absorption; integrity vs despair
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hierarchical classification
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understanding hierarchies; ex: more guys or girls in class?
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trust vs mistrust
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0-18 mo.; are my basic needs being met? predictable certain parents
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autonomy vs. shame/doubt
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18 mo. - 3 y/o; can i do things on my own or will i always need others?
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initiative vs. guilt
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3-5; am i a good or bad person?
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industry vs. inferiority
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6-teens; am i competent or worthless?;
Industry is developed if they feel competent, otherwise they develop inferiority |
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identity vs. confusion
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who am i and where am i going?; teens - 20's
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intimacy vs. isolation
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am i capable of meaningful relationships? 20's - 40's
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generativity vs. self absorption
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will i produce something of value?; 40-60
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integrity vs. despair
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people in this age face eminent death. have lived a full life? face death with integrity
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Marcia
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canadian; adolecent psychosocial; expanded on erikson's theory
4 stages of identity development: diffusion; forclosure; moratorium; acheivment |
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diffusion
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not going through crisis nor comitment
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foreclosure
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made comitment w/o going through a crisis
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moratorium
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attempting to find an identity; in crisis but not made commitment
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achievement
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both comitment and crisis
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kohlberg
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moral reasoning; theory based pieget; 3 levels; must move through 1 to get through the next; most people never pass conventional level (2)
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preconventional
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morality determinted by reward/punish; kids understand good/bad
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conventional level
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"good boy"; authority is understood good/bad (laws, society rules)
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postconventional level
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social contract orientation - willing to break law/risk life to save relative; ex: civil rights movement
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highlights of adolescence
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identity crisis; good time to remind that it is ok to agree to disagree; stress; suicide ATTEMPTS
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highlights of middle adulthood
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marital happiness (low till kids grown); midlife crisis (ussualy change jobs and reevaluate their life; empty nest adjustment (ussualy happy, not sad)
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highlights of older adulthood
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gradual decline of active neurons - minor effect; decline senses (ez correct glasses hearingaid); fluid intelligence decrease (hard learn new) crystalized intell increase (skills already known); new activites associated with life satisfaction (ex: grandparent travel)
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highlights of early adulthood
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new trend later marriage; increase in alternative lifestyles; new parenting styles
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prenatal development
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made of germinal, embryonic and fetal stages
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germinal stage
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conception - 8 weeks; zygote (one celled org) divide fast; moves through fillopian to uteris
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embryonic stage
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wk 2-8; starts forming body systems and organs;
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fetal stage
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wk 8 - birth; fetus becomes stronger, movement develops and the biological structures become increasingly functional
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self report inventories
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MMPI (minnesota multiphasic personality inventory); 16 personality factor questionair; NEO Personality inventory
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MMPI
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minnesota multiphasic personality inventory - used to look for disorders; clinical psychology; looking at individual differences between people
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16 personality factor questionaire
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used in BUSINESS
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NEO personality inventory
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makes diff from others; normal pop.; used most in research
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projective tests
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rorschach test (ink block test)
TAT (thematic apperception test) |
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rorschach/inkblock test
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looking for trends or patterns in your answers; same general genre/idea
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TAT
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Thematic Apperception Test
looking for unconscious influences and recurring themes; majority of stories main character relates to author (literature test) |
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freud's levels of awareness
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conscious; preconscious (clothing reference examploe); unconscious (cant access the info) largest content
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freud's psychosexual stages
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oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage
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jung
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analytic psychology; student of freud;
personal unconscious, collective uncon spiritual not sexual |
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personal uncon
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pass on memories in lineage; spiritual
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collective uncon
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explained things like dejavu effect - DEJAVU
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adler
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individual psychology; FOCUS ON NEEDS
superiority needed; inferiority complex |
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superiority needed
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need to be good at something
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inferiority complex
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people who suffer from this tend to compensate - academics to sports
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trait perspective (evo)
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big 5 OCEAN
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big 5
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Openness to peoples ideas and experiencees
Conscientiousness - dependable Extraversion Aagreeableness - cooperative, warm, sympathetic Neuroticism |
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natural selection (evo)
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reliability
cooperation generoosity |
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eysenck
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biological perspective; ENP theory (passed through genes)
Extroversion neuroticism psychotism - disreguard for others |
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freud defense mech
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repression, projection, displacement, reaction formation, regression, rationalization, identification
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rationalization
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excuses
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regression
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ricky ricardo syndrom; childish behavior
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reaction formation
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parent hates 1 child but treats like favorite
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displacement
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taking out on someone else; scapegoat
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projection
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difficult attributing to something in yourself; put on another
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repression
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push into unconscious
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