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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What type drug reaction am I:
adverse drug effects that involve immunologic mechanism |
allergic drug reaction
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What type of drug reaction am I:
adverse effects not proven to be immune mediated but resemble allergic reactions in their clinical presentation |
pseudoallergic drug reactions
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What is the most frequently reported from of allergic drug reaction?
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dermatologic
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Are the following allergic or pseudoallergic drug reactions?
dermatitis from sulfonamides serum sickness from phenytoin hypotension after protamine |
allergic drug reactions
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Are the following allergic or pseudoallergic drug reactions?
shock after radiocontrast media aspirin induced asthma opiate related urticaria flushing after vancomycin infusion |
pseudoallergic reactions
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What is platelet activating factor not released by?
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basophils
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Do small molecular weight (<10,000 MW) molecules usually induce an allergic reaction?
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no
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How large are most drugs?
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< 1000 MW
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Is hapten a complete or incomplete antigen?
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incomplete
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Is insulin a complete or incomplete antigen?
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complete
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This type of allergic drug reaction requires the presence of IgE specific for the drug or portion of drug that becomes a hapten
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type I
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This type of allergic drug reacion involves destruction of host cells through cytotoxic reaction
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type II
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This type of allergic drug reaction is caused by antigen-antibody complexes formed in the blood
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type III
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This type of allergic drug reaction is a delayed type reaction with cell-mediated hypersensitivity
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type IV
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urticaria, angioedema and anaphylaxis are what type of allergic drug reaction?
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type I
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hemolysis and purpura are what type of allergic drug reaction?
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type II
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vasculitis, serum sickness, and urticaria are what type of allergic drug reaction?
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type III
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contact dermatitis, exanthematous reactions, and photoallergic reactions are what type of allergic drug reactions?
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type IV
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When a type I allergic drug reaction involves multiple organs, what is it called?
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anaphylaxis
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What type of drug reaction can do the following:
deposit in tissues causing local and disseminated inflammatory reactions cause platelet aggregation resulting in microthrombi formation and release of vasoactive mediators lead to clinical syndromes |
type III
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Type IV allergic drug reactions are mediated by what cells?
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memory T cells (CD4 or CD8)
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What dermatologic reaction am I:
maculopapular lesions that may progress to irregular target lesions mostly on extremities, torso, and mouth |
erythema multiforme
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What reaction am I:
the most common type of severe drug eruption major form of the erythema multiforme |
steven-johnson syndrome
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How much of the body surface area have blisters and target lesions in steven johnson syndrome?
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10%
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What drug reaction am I:
uncommon major form of erythema multiforme severe, life-threatening mucocutaneous and sytemic reaction |
toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome
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How much of the body surface area are covered with blisters in toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome?
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30% of BSA
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What are the treatment options for toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome?
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stop precipitating factor
fluid/electrolyte replacement infection prevention and treatment nutritional support prevention of ophthalmic complications IV immun globulin, oral corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants |
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To prevent toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome, what drug dose need to be reduced in patients with renal insufficiency?
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allopurinol
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this drug has the anaphylactic like reaction called red man's syndrome
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vancomycin
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This needs to be done to the infusion rate of vancomycin to prevent red man's syndrome
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decrease infusion rate
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What drugs can cause anaphylactoid (anaphylactic like) syndrome?
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vancomycin
opiates iodinated radiocontrast agents amphotericin B D-tubocurarine |
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What are the clinical manifestations of allergic and allergic like reactions?
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anaphylaxis
serum sickness drug fever drug-induced autoimmunity vasculitis respiratory reactions |
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This type of allergic reaction is an acute, life-threatening allergic reaction involving multiple organ systems
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anaphylaxis
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What are the drugs commonly reported with anaphylaxis?
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asa
nsaids penicillins insulins |
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Risk of fatal anaphylaxis is greatest within what time?
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the first few hours
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How long should patients be observed after an anaphylactic reaction?
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12 hours
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If anaphylaxis is caused by an injections, what drug is used to treat it?
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aqueous epinephrine into site of antigen injection
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In refractory cases where patients do not respond to epinephrine, what drug can be given?
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glucagon
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What class of drugs can be given to reduce risk of recurring or protracted anaphylaxis?
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corticosteroids
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What condition am I:
mediated by the deposition of immune complexes in small vessels, activation of complement, and recruitment of granulocytes resulting in erythema on sides of the fingers, hands, and toes and progresses to a widespread eruption |
serum sickness
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What agents are associated with serum sickness?
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antisera - antitoxins and antivenins
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What agents are associated with serum sickness like reactions?
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antibiotic therapy
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What are the drugs that have been reported to cause drug fever?
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methydopa
procainamide phenytoin barbituates quinidine antibiotics |
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This reaction is an inflammation and necrosis of blood vessel walls
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vasculitis
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What are the drugs that can induce asthma?
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asa and other nsaids
sulfites |
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What are the factors related to the occurrence or severity of allergic drug reactions?
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dose
metabolism of drug route of exposure sensitivity of individual |
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True or False: children with asthma may be sensitive to asa
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True
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Does cox-1 inhibitor cross react with a cox-2 inhibitor?
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no
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What are the drugs that cross react with asa?
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tartrazine dye
indomethacin phenylbutazone |
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What conditions are associated with NSAIDs sensitivity?
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pulmonary infiltrates
eosinophilia syndrome |
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This test can predict a relatively high risk of immediate hypersensitivity reaction
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allergen skin testing
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What is the only drug which the predictive value of skin testing have been well established?
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penicillin
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This technique can be used to help administer penicillin to patients who are allergic to penicillin
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desesitization
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This is the most common manifestation of drug-induced skin reactions
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maculopapular eruptions
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This type of drug induced skin reaction have lesions resembling measle on the trunk or pressure areas
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maculopapular eruptions
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This type of drug induced skin reaction have erythematous or hyperpigmented round or oval lesions that can appear anywhere
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fixed drug reaction
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Which skin reaction appears in a few hours to 3 days after ingestion of drug?
maculopapular fixed |
maculopapular eruptions
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Which skin reaction appears within 30 min to 8 hours?
maculopapular fixed |
fixed drug eruptions
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nonimmunologic photosensitivity reaction is called?
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phototoxicity
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immunologic photosensitivity reaction is called?
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photoallergic
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What are the treatments for photosensitivity?
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corticosteroids
antihistamines sunscreen |
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What are the two causes for skin hyperpigmentation?
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medication
disturbances in melanin production |
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What are the common drugs associated with photosensitivity?
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NSAIDs
xanax ACEI estrogens sulfa drugs statins TCAs |
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nonimmunologic photosensitivity reaction is called?
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phototoxicity
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immunologic photosensitivity reaction is called?
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photoallergic
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Patients who reported penicillin allergiy and have a + skin test have 8x greater risk of having an allergic reaction to this drug
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cephalosporin
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Which of the following are not risk factors for a radiocontrast allergic reaction
previous reaction atopy/asthma history women severe allergy cardiac disease treatment with BB seadfood allergy |
seafood allergy
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An allergic reaction to this drug is IgG mediated
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insulin
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True or False: negative test means that there is not a risk for an immediate reaction
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False
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