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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name drugs for bacterial infections |
-Penicillin -Cephalosporins -Aminoglycosides -Macrolides -Tetracyclines -Sulfonamides, trimethoprim and combination drug -Fluroquinalones -Anti-tubular drugs -Vancomycin |
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Cell wall synthesis inhibitor antibiotics? |
-Penicillins -Cephalosporins -Vancomycin |
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Protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics? |
-Aminoglycosides -Macrolides -Tetracyclines |
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Metabolism inhibitor antibiotics? |
-Sulfonamides, trimethoprim and combination drugs |
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DNA synthesis inhibitor antibiotics? |
Fluroquinalones |
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Anti-tubercular drugs? |
1st Line -isoniazid* (INH) -rifampin -ethambutol |
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What are some anti-fungal drugs? |
-Polyenes -amphotericin B -nystatin |
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What are some antiviral drugs? NRTI drugs? |
-Antiviral: Acyclovir -NRTI: zidovudine |
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What is the prototype of Penicillin? |
penicillin G |
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What are some common drugs of Penicillin |
-Amoxicillin -Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid |
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What are some indications of penicillin? |
pneumonia menigitis skin, bone, and joint infections Stomach infections Blood and valve infections |
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True or false Penicillin can decrease the effects of oral contraceptives? |
True |
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What are some adverse affects of Penicillin? |
Allergies and Anaphalaxis |
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What is a prototype drug for Cephalosporins? |
cefazolin (Ancef, Kefzol) |
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what Is a multi-generational drug?
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Cephalosporin
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What are some indications of Cephalosporins? |
-Lower respiratory track -CNS systems -GU systems -Bones and Joints |
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True or false People who are allergic to Penicillin are not allergic to Cephalosporins |
FALSE (cross-sensitivity) |
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What are some adverse affects of Cephalosporins? |
-Renal toxicity (Kidneys) -Pseudomembranous colitis |
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What is the protoype for vancomycin? |
Vancocin |
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What are some indication of Vancomycin? |
-MRSA -Prophylaxis |
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Which drug has a narrow therapeutic index?
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Vancomycin
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What are some adverse effects of Vancomycin?
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-Nephrotoxic
-Redman Syndrome |
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What is the prototype for Aminoglycosides? |
gentaminicin (Garamycin) |
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What are the indication of aminoglycosides? |
-systemic infection caused by aerboic gram-negative bacteria -myobacteria -some protozoans |
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What are some adverse effects of aminoglycosides? |
Tinnitus or vertigo -> Ototoxicity (damaging to hearing) -Nephrotoxicity -Neuromuscular blockage |
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What is the prototype for Macrolides? |
Erythromycin (Erythrocin) |
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What are the indication of Macrolides? |
Penicillin substitute, whooping cough, legionnaires' disease and streptococcus infections |
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What are some nursing implications of Macrolides? |
-Risk for drug interactions (finding out about herbal supplements) -GI side affects so take w/ food |
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What re some side affects of Macrolides? |
-Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, abdominal cramping, photosensitivity |
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What is the prototype drug for Tetracyclines? |
Tetracycline (Sumycin) |
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True or false Tetracyclines is not a broad central antibiotic |
FALSE |
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Nursing implications for tetracyclines |
-Do not give to children under 8 -Do not take with milk or iron (can decrease absorption) |
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What are indications for tetracyclines? |
Lyme disease, mycoplasma & chlamydia, cholera, and rocky mountain spotted fever |
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What are some adverse effects tetracyclines? |
Discoloration of teeth, photosensitivity, superinfections |
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What is the prototype for sulfonmaides, trimethoprim and combination drugs? |
Bactrim |
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What is the common drug for sulfonmaides, trimethoprim and combination drugs |
Trimethoprim/sufamethoxazole |
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What are the indications for sulfonmaides, trimethoprim and combination drugs? |
UTIs, Shigellosis, toxoplasmosis, pneumocycitic carini, pneumonia |
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What are the nursing implications for sulfonmaides, trimethoprim and combination drugs? |
-Notify HCP of any rash or fever develop for steven johnson syndrome - Use sunscreen and protective clothes -Monitor blood counts |
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What are some adverse affects of sulfonmaides, trimethoprim and combination drugs? |
-Photosensitivity -Suppression of bone marrow cell division -Steven-Johnson syndrome -fulminant hepatic necrosis |
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What is the common drug for Fluroquinalones? |
Levofaxacin |
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What are the indication for Fluroquinalones? |
respiratory infections, GI and GU infections, skin and soft tissue infections |
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What are the nursing implications for Fluroquinalones? |
-Notify HCP if inflammation of tendon occurs |
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Adverse effects of Fluroquinalones? |
-Tendon rupture -Serious heart dysrhythmias -neurotoxicity -Peripheral neruopthay |
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What is the prototype for anti-tuberculosis drugs? |
isoniazid |
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Name the mechanism for each anti-tuberculosis drug? |
Isoniazid* & Ethambutol- cell wall synthesis Rifampin- inhibits the enzymes needed for TB RNA and protein synthesis
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What are the side effects of each anti-tuberculosis drug? |
-Isoniazid; peripheral neuropathy -Refampin: Reddish orange secretions -Ethambutol: increase uric acid and cause optic neuritis |
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What are some nursing implications for anti-tuberculosis drugs? |
-no alcohol or patient can be in risk for liver failure |
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What is the adverse affect anti-tuberculosis drugs? |
Hepatoxicity |
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What is the drug mechanism of Polyenes? |
Cell membrane inhibitor |
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What is the prototype of each polyenes? |
amphotericin B: Fungizone nystatin: Mycostatin |
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What is the difference between amphtericin B vs Nysatatin? |
amphthericin B: Systemic nystatin: Topical |
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What are some nursing implcations for Polyenes? |
-Premeidcate with tynenol and benedryl -Avoid concomitant nephrotoxic drugs
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What are some adverse effects of polyenes? |
highly nephrotoxic, creatinine, increase fluids |
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What are some infusion reactions of polyenes? |
-fever -chills -rigor -nausea -headache "shake and bake" |
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What is the prototype for Acyclovir? |
Zovirax |
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What is the mechanism of action for Acyclovir? |
Interferes with virl DNA synthesis |
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What is the idications for Acyclovir? |
herpes virus |
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What is the adverse reaction of acyclovir? |
reduce kidney function, leading to kidney damage and failure |
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What is the prototype for Nucleoside Reverse transcriptase inhibitor?
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zidovudine (AZT, Retrovir)
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True or False Nucleoside Reverse transcriptase inhibitor is part of HAART? |
True |
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Nursing implications for Nucleoside Reverse transcriptase inhibitor? |
-Avoid fatty foods and fried foods -Loss of sensation risk for injury |
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What are some side effects of Nucleoside Reverse transcriptase inhibitor? |
Nausea, headach, GI upset w/fatty fried foods |
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What are some adverse effects of Nucleoside Reverse transcriptase inhibitor? |
liver toxicity, peripheral neuropathy with long-term use |