Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bacterial DNA has what kind of chromosome?
|
Single circular chromosome
|
|
What are extra-chromosomal DNA called?
|
Plasmids
|
|
beta lactam inhibits what enzyme?
|
Transpeptidase
|
|
beta lactams bind reversibly/irreversibly to transpeptidase?
|
irreversibly
|
|
Decreased cross-linking of glycan strand leading to compromise of cell wall is the mechanism of action of what class of antibiotics?
|
beta-lactams
|
|
Transpeptidase is what kind of protein?
|
Penicillin binding protein
|
|
Beta-lactams attack multiple PBPs with varying affinity T/F?
|
True
|
|
Treated Gram +/- bacteria form clusters of inseparable daughter cells?
|
Gram +
|
|
Treated Gram +/- bacteria produce filaments that form side wall but fail to produe septa (thus fail to separate into daughter cells)?
|
Gram -
|
|
Failure to divide is an important fate of bacteria treated with what class of antibiotics?
|
Beta-lactam
|
|
If antibiotic concentration falls, surviving bacteria may complete cell division and cause what to infection?
|
Cause it to resume
|
|
Resistance to one beta-lactam TYPICALLY means resistance also to what? (But not always)
|
To the entire class - but depends on bacterial species
|
|
Altering R groups on beta-lactamase changes resistance, and also antimicrobial spectrum, side effects, and PK? T/F
|
True
|
|
Beta lactam with low antimicrobial activity but potent beta-lactamase + more active beta lactamase = combination drug. Name two:
|
Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid
Piperacillin/Tazobactam |
|
Which antibiotic drug combination to counter beta-lactam resistance is given PO?
|
Amoxicillin/Clavulinic acid
|
|
Which antibiotic drug combination to counter beta-lactam resistance is given IV?
|
Piperacillin/Tazobactam
|
|
What antibiotic is used to treat strep pneumo (G+)? (3)
|
1. Penicillin G (IV)/Penicillin V (oral)
2. Amoxicillin 3. Ampicillin |
|
What antibiotic is used to treat strep pyogenes (G+)?
|
Penicillin V (oral)
|
|
What antibiotic is used to treat Neisseria meningitides (G-) meningococcus?
|
Penicillin G (IV)
|
|
What antibiotic is used to treat treponema pallidum - syphilis?
|
Penicillin G (IV)
|
|
What antibiotic is used to treat Haemophilus influenzae (G-)?
|
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin |
|
What antibiotic is used to treat E. Coli (G-)?
|
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin |
|
What antibiotic is used to treat Salmonella (G-)?
|
Ampcillin
Amoxicillin |
|
What antibiotic is used to treat Listeria (G+)?
|
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin |
|
What antibiotic is used to treat Proteus mirabilis (G-)?
|
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin |
|
What antibiotic is used to treat Enterococci (G+)?
|
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin |
|
What drug is used to treat penicillin-resistant staph aureus?
|
Nafcillin
|
|
What enzyme does penicillin-resistant staph aureus have?
|
Penicillinase
|
|
Can beta lactams be used to treat MRSA?
|
No, cannot be used
|
|
What antibiotic is used to treat Bacillis anthracis (G+)?
|
Penicillin
|
|
What antibiotic is used to treat pseudomonas G-?
|
Piperacillin
|
|
Penicilins work against actively growing/dormant bacteria?
|
Actively growing
|
|
Bacteriostatic antibiotics should/should not be used with penicillin?
|
Should not
|
|
Name 3 antibiotics that reduce normal flora which lowers estrogen levels (reduce effectiveness of oral contraceptives)
|
1. Ampicillin
2. Amoxicillin 3. Penicillin V (oral) |
|
Probenecid (used for gout) blocks renal excretion. This causes beta lactams to stay in blood more or less duration?
|
Longer - more duration
|
|
Piperacillin can have what effect on platelet aggregation?
|
Inhibit platelet aggregation (potentiates effects of anticoagulants)
|
|
What is the most important ADR with penicillin?
|
Allergy - Anaphylaxis
|
|
If allergic reaction to any beta-lactam (ampicillin, amoxicillin) antibiotic, are penicillins contraindicated?
|
Yes
|
|
GI disturbances occur most commonly with what combination antibiotic?
|
Amoxicillin/Clavulinic acid
|
|
Colitis occurs most commonly with what two antibiotics?
|
Ampicillin
Amoxicillin |
|
Inhibition of platelet aggregation can occur with what antibiotic?
|
Piperacillin
|
|
Beta lactams are GABA antagonists. This can cause what ADR?
|
CNS toxicity
|
|
NAM and NAG are monomers that make up what structure?
|
Peptidoglycan cell wall
|
|
Polysaccharide chains of peptidoglycan form what kind of bonds mediated by transpeptidase?
|
Peptidoglycan cross links
|
|
Peptidoglycan side chain is made up of what two amino acids?
|
D-ala-D-ala
|
|
D-alanyl-D-alanine makes up what part of peptidolycan?
|
The side chain
|
|
Beta-lactams resemble what two dimers of the peptidoglycan side chain?
|
D-ala-D-ala
|
|
How are beta lactams able to gain entry into the cell?
|
Via porin pumps
|
|
Where does beta-lactamase attack occur to cause inactivation of beta-lactam?
|
Periplasmic space
|
|
Once the beta-lactam drug is in the periplasmic space, efflux pumps can have what effect?
|
Pump drug back out (resistance)
|
|
Name a penicillinase resistant antibiotic
|
Nafcillin
|