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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
All hypothalamic and anterior pituitary hormones are what type of hormones?
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peptide
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Which hormones bind to G protein coupled receptors that stimulate or suppress cAMP/PKA signal transduction pathway? (6)
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GHRH, CRH, GNRH, ACTH, FSH, LH
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Which hormone binds to G protein coupled receptors that exert effects on potassium channels?
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somatostatin
(to inhibit GH, TH secretion) |
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Which hormone binds to G protein coupled receptors to increase intracellular calcium?
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TRH
(thyrotropin releasing hormone) |
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Which hormones have receptors that are single membrane-spanning peptides that activate the tyrosine kinase, JAK2, that leads to activation of signaling pathways that regulate gene induction? (2)
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GH
prolactin |
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What is growth hormone's target organ?
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liver
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What does growth hormone cause the release of? (2)
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insulin-like growth factors
somatomedins |
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What is the synthetic analog of GHRH?
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Sermorelin (Geref)
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What is the diagnostic use of GHRH (its analog)?
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test pituitary GH secretory capacity in short children (see if short stature is from low GH)
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Somatostatin inhibits release of growth hormone, thyroid hormone and what other hormones? (3)
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glucagon
insulin gastrin |
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What is the synthetic analog of somatostatin?
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Octreotide (Sandostatin)
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What is the therapeutic use of somatostatin (its analog)?
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acromegaly (too much GH in adults)
glucagonoma |
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How does GH produce growth? (3)
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bone growth via IGFs from liver
lipolysis in adipose tissue growth of skeletal muscles |
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What is the mechanism of somatotropin injectable suspension?
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causes longitudinal bone growth via IGFs
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Hypoglycemic seizures in newborns can cause deficiency of which hormone?
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GH
|
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Treatment of adults with GH deficiency causes what? (3)
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increased lean body mass
increased bone density decreased fat mass |
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CRH stimulates release of what from the pituitary? (2)
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ACTH
beta-endorphin |
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What is CRH used to diagnose?
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Cushing's disease
(to see if pituitary is producing ACTH) |
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Where in the hypothalamus is GnRH produced?
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arcuate nucleus
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GnRH stimulates the pituitary to release which hormones?
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LH
FSH |
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What is the diagnostic use of GnRH?
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determine LH response in hypogonadotropic adolescent with delayed pubery
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What are the therapeutic uses of GnRH?
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stimulation of pituitary function for infertility caused by hypothalamic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in both sexes
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Continuous GnRH analog administration is used to treat what? (3)
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prostate cancer, uterine fibroids, endometriosis
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What is a major side effect of leuprolide, nafarelin, and goserlin in women?
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osteoporosis and elevated cholesterol
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What effects are seen in men from treatment of leuprolide and goserline?
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increased serum testosterone
hot flashes sweats |
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What is a GnRH antagonist?
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Cetrolix
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What are GnRH antagonists used therapeutically for?
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endometriosis
uterine fibroids |
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What type of macromolecules are FSH and LH?
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glycoprotein
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What processes are stimulated in women by FSH? (2)
In men? (1) |
women - gametogenesis and follicular development
men - spermatogenesis |
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True or False - LH or FSH can be used alone or together for infertility
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False - FSH must be given with LH
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Overstimulation of the ovary can lead to what? (2)
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ovarian enlargement
multiple births |
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What does LH do for men?
For women? |
men - testosterone production
women - follicular development, induce ovulation |
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What is used instead of LH therapeutically?
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human chorionic gonadotropin
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What does human chorionic gonadotropin do in women?
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stimulates ovarian corpus luteum to produce progesterone
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LH and FSH are used to induce ovulation in women with what disorder?
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hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
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Which hormone is responsible for lactation?
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prolactin
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Which hormone inhibits prolactin release from the pituitary?
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dopamine
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What are the posterior pituitary hormones?
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ADH (vasopressin)
oxytocin |
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Which hormone elicits milk ejection?
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oxytocin
|
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Which hormone is used to initiate labor?
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oxytocin
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ADH (vasopressin) is released in response to higher/lower BP?
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lower
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What disease state is vasopressin used to treat?
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diabetes insipidus
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What are the main effects of vasopressin in the body?
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vascular smooth muscle vasoconstriction
antidiuresis by increasing water permeability and resorption |
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True or False - Desmopressin is a potent vasoconstrictor and antidiuretic
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False - Desmopressin has minimal smooth muscle effects, but is a potent antidiuretic
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