Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Common sense view |
- Human made objects are tools - Objects have no moral purpose - Right/wrong are properties that are committed by humans alone |
|
Strong sense view: |
- "Morality is inside the things" -Bruno Latour- Technological artifacts have moral properties - Actor-Network Theory (ANT) = Technology does not have obvious moral property in themselves, boundary between objects and humans is no longer possible to uphold - Moral property of human and object should be considered jointly |
|
Moderate View: |
- Technological artifacts cannot be a part of a moral agent - The object cannot be a part of the subject or be morally responsible - Artifacts have moral relevance |
|
Bruno Latour, reflecting the "Strong View" toward technological artifacts, believed artifcats are morally considerable because they work as actants alongside human beings in a responsible netowrk |
True |
|
Which of the following statements best represents the "Strong View" toward the morality of technological artifacts? |
Humans and technological artifcats form an inseparable unit that is itself morally responsible in action. |
|
According to the "Common Sense View," technological artifacts take on moral properties when used for good or evil by human beings |
False |
|
Why are Robert Moses' architectural designs indicative of Langdon Winner's view of the moral properties of artifacts? |
moral values are built into his designs, which come to embody these values |
|
The question of which beings deserve moral consideration is of minimal significance to environmental ethics: |
False |
|
some argue it is a necessary foundation for all ethics, it is in some ways a product of advances in ecology |
True environmental ethics |
|
Anthropocentrism could be considered an egaliterain position in environmental ethics: |
False |
|
What is the principle difference between the weak and strong anthropocentric world view: |
weak anthropocentrism does not view the natural world as merely a standing reserve |
|
Although restricted, biocentrism is largely compatible with anthropocentrism |
False |
|
Which of the following situations would probably be acceptable to someone holding a strong anthropocentric view of the world? |
clear-cutting an old growth forest to build a golf course |
|
Environmental destruction involves splitting up a habitat in a way that prevents animals from moving about in order to breed and to find food and water: |
False |
|
Why is the destruction, degradation, and fragmentation of the environment of particular concern for engineers? |
these effects share a close causal relationship with the transformation of nature into artifact |
|
Which of the following is true of Aldo Leopold's The Land Ethic? |
Leopold not only extends moral consideration to non-human life but also inanimate features of the environment |
|
Mordern technique reasons |
Rate of utilization cultural disruptions relationship with science scope |
|
Deductive |
conclusion necessarily follows from the premises |
|
Inductive |
premises make the conclusion highly probable |
|
Abductive |
making best decision based on information given |
|
Whelchel |
Technology is not neutral Has a value system |
|
Optimism |
Technology on society is good! |
|
Pessimism |
Technology is beneficial but has major side effects on society! |
|
Determinism |
Technology has a life of its own and cannot be determined by humans |
|
Critical approach |
Recognize value issues when developing technology, best of all fields |
|
Dr. Bryan Willison |
25 years developing large scale technology for energy, air quality, and human health. Approaches to innovation in licensing, social enterprise provide solutions for poorest citizens |
|
Vallor |
New social media and virtues: Social media is easy, virtues are difficult to develop pursue eudaimonia "the good life" Patience, honesty, and empathy |
|
Why Hans Jonas thought tehcnology deserved attention by those who care about ethics? |
modern tech enlarges: power fundamental level temporal extent uncertainty involved with human society |
|
Borgman |
"American ethics" push beyond ideas and social relations towards moral significance of TANGIBLE reality (real ethics) modern tech makes us poor |
|
Commodification |
Borgman bringing new things to markets encourages depersonalization breaks spatial, temporal, cultural/social continuities |
|
Devices |
products of modern technology that are passive, convenient, and disengaged |
|
Things |
Things engage users |
|
Moral relativism |
moral judgements are only true or false relative to the situation (time period), not all situations can be judged the same |
|
Rigorism/laxism |
Strict rules apply across all situations |
|
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 |
American Engineers follow laws from America when in another country |
|
Capabilities approach |
used to mitigate risks of hazards |
|
Moral Realsim |
There exist moral facts and values that do not change according to how we "feel" about them |
|
Anti-realsim |
Theory should never be regarded as a truth. Nothing is real! |
|
Calvo & Peters |
Wealthier society doesn't make happier peopel Preventative: take feature out to sustain WB Active: new feature to promote well-being Dedicated: built from ground up to promote WB |
|
ACM |
Association for Computing Machinery Most aspirational of all codes! |
|
Anthropocentrism |
Use of nature must be human-centered |
|
Biocentrism |
Use of nature must be nature-centered |
|
3 pillars of sustainability |
Environment Social Economic |
|
Garret Hardin |
Increase your hurd without limit! The world has limits, stop population growth... |
|
Aldo Leopold |
Humans should move from "conquor the land" to "love the land!" |