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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Theory:
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an explanation of natural phenomena based on observation and accepted fundamental principles
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"acceleration of a falling body is independent of its weight" who was the first to think of this idea?
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galileo galilei
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Physics:
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the process by which we arrive at general principles that describe how the physical universe behaves.
- the study of all aspects of the universe. - about understanding how everything works |
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range of validity:
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it applies to a range of how valid a theory is.
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Problem solving strategy 1.1: solving physics problems
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Model:
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a simplified version of a physical system that would be too complicated to analyze in full detail.
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Physical quantity:
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any # that is used to describe a physical phenomenon quantitatively.
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time:
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based on an atomic clock which uses the energy difference between the two lowest energy states of the cesium atom
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second (s):
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the time required for 9,192,631,700 cycles of cesium atom's microwave radiation
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meters (m):
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the distance that light travels in a vaccum in 1/299,792,458 sec.
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kilograms (kg):
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the mass of a particular cylinder of platinum-iridium alloy kept at the international bureau of weights and measures.
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formula for distance:
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d = vt
v= velocity t= time |
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Problem-solving strategy 1.2: unit conversions:
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uncertainty: (aka: error):
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b/c it indicates the max. difference there is likely to be between the measured value and the true value.
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accuracy:
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how close it is likely to be the true value.
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Using significant figures:
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velocity:
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the speed combined with its direction of motion
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force:
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a push/pull exerted on a body
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scalar quantity:
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a single number
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vector quantity:
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has magnitude ("how much" or "how big") & a direction in space.
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Displacement:
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- simply a change in position of a point.
- is a vector quantity because we must state no only how far the particle moves, but also in what direction it is moving. |
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What does negative of a vector mean?
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a vector having the same magnitude as the original vector but the opposite direction "antiparallel"
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Components of a vector:
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are just numbers, not vectors themselves.
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definition of vector components from that of the trig. functions:
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Finding the magnitude of a vector:
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Finding the direction of a vector:
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Unit Vector:
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- a vector that has a magnitude of 1 with no units.
- only purpose is to point... to describe a direction in space. - (^) "hat/caret" symbol for a unit vector to distinguish it from ordinary vectors whose magnitude may/ maynot = 1 |
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Unit Vector:
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- a vector that has a magnitude of 1 with no units.
- only purpose is to point... to describe a direction in space. - (^) "hat/caret" symbol for a unit vector to distinguish it from ordinary vectors whose magnitude may/ maynot = 1 |
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Scalar product (dot product):
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- draw the two vectors with their tails at the same point.
- angle between their direction ranges from 0 - 180. |
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definition of the scalar (dot) product:
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The scalar product of two parallel vectors is always equal to?
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0
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The scalar (dot) product in terms of components:
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the scalar product of two vectors is the sum of the products of their respective components.
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Vector product (cross product):
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- denoted by vector A x vector B
- draw the two vectors with their tails at the same point. - a vector quantity with a direction parallel to this plane (parallel to both vector A and B). - the angle from vector A to vector B and take it to be the smaller of the two possible angles from 0 - 180 then sin of the angle is greater than or equal to 0 and C is never negative. |
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The vector product of two parallel or antiparallel vectors is always = ?
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0
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The vector product of any vector with itself is ?
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0
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cross product (vector product) not commutative..
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the right hand rule:
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vector product can also be expressed in determinant form as:
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law of nature:
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represents our best understanding of how nature behaves given certain limiting assumptions.
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Summary:
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