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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
External Anatomy of the Breast
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-lies btw 2nd and 6th ribs btw sternal edge to mid axillary line
-nipple is just below center -superior lateral corner (Tail of spence) projects up into axilla |
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Internal Anatomy of Breast
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breast tissue composed of:
-glandular tissue located 15-20 loves around nipple -fibrous bands of tissue of suspensory ligaments -fat or adipose tissue surrounding breast and predominates |
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Four quadrants
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upper inner quadrants, upper outter quadrants, lower inner quadrant, lower outter quadrant
-or use clock around nip |
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Lymphatics of the breast area
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axillary nodes:
*central axillary nodes *pectoral nodes *subscapular nodes *lateral axillary nodes |
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Significant health history
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-mammogram-should start at 40-every 2 years and 1 year at 50
-breast cancer and cervical diseases increases w age -noperity (not pregnant) or child bearing after 50 |
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Inspection of breast
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-normal for one to be smaller than other
dimpling-suspensatory ligaments tight (not good) mastitis-infection of breast (discolor) venous pattern-if one breast has more-->question a tumor |
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Retraction maneuvers
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-arms held stright above head and hands pressing down on hips
-move pectoral muscle -anything attached to muscle shows up |
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Inspection of nipple
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-note size, shape, direction they point, rashes, ulceration, discharge
-should be symmetrical and places same area on each breast -should NOT be pointing in diff directions |
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Development of breasts with age
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-sometimes infants have enlarged breasts bc maternal estrogen
-adolescence-btw 8 and 10-->breasts change -older breast-more pendulous, flattened against chest wall-different feel (glandular |
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Supernumerary nipple
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-milk line develops en utero
-third nipple->along milk line -6 cm below reg nipple -no significants, glandular tissue -just an extra nipple |
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Palpate breasts
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-best position when tissue is flattned
-should take 3 minutes per breast -use fingertips -light, medium, deep pressure -spider or spiral pattern -bimanual palpation (standing up-one above and below) |
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Breast Cancer in Gender
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female-often upper outter quadrant or tail spense
men-under nipple |
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If any lumps-what to note
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location
size in cm shape consistency (soft, firm, or hard like a pearl) mobility distinctiveness nipple retraction overlying skin tenderness lymphaedenopathy |
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Palpate nipple
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squeeze nipple-see if secretions come out
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Breast Self-Examination
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-schedule of self exeam day 5 of menstrual cycle
-correct technique -return demonstration |
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Fibroadenomas
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-age 15-25
usually puberty/young adult but up to 55 usually single, sometimes multiple -round, disclike, lobular -soft or firm (solid) -well dilineated -very mobile -usually nontender -usually follows ultrasound -not cancerous |
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Fibrocystic breast disease
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age 30-50-regress after menopause except w estrogen therapy
-single or multiple -round -soft to firm, usually elastic well dilineated mobile often tender not canceorus |
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Breat Cancer
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-30 and older-most common 50
-usually single, sometimes w other nodules -irregular or stellate -firm or hard -not very dillineated-from surrounding tissues->not soft edge when felt -may be fixed to skin or surrounding tissues -usually nontender |
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Edema of breast (Peau d'orange)
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swelling of breast
looks like orange |
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Breast Retraction
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Skin pulled in and dimpled
suspensory ligaments tightened up |
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Tanner Stages
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1-pre adolescent-elevated nipple only
2-bread bud stage-nipple small mound-alveolar starts to widen 3-further enlargement of breast and areola 4-projection of areola and secondary mound forming 5-mature stage-projection of nipple only-areola receded to contour stage breasts by developmental phase |
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Male breast assessment
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can be done sitting
-breast is underdeveloped under nipple gynecomastia-enlargement of tissue -normal during puberty -temporary seen in anabolic steroids or liver disease |
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Older breasts
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pendulous
flattened and sagging more granular in touch |