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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the physical forms that a substance can exist in
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states of matter
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made up of atoms and molecules, always in motion and always bumping into each other, or interacting
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matter
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particles do not move fast, just vibrate, close together, small energy
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solid
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move fast enough to overcome some of the attractiom to each other, close together, can slide past each other, some energy
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liquid
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move fast enough to overcome almost all attraction, far apart, and move independently, lot of energy
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gas
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definite shape and volume
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solid
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very orderly
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crystalline solid
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doesn't have definite shape
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morphous solid
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definite volume but no definite shape, will take the shape of the container
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liquid
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force that acts on the particles at the surface of a liquid
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surface tension
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liquid resistance to flow
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viscosity
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no definite shape and no definite volume
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gas
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how fast the particles are moving
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temperature
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the amount of force on a specific area
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pressure
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a fixed amount of gas at a constant temp. the volume of the gas is inversly related to the volume
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Boyle's Law
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for a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure the volume and the temp. changes in the same way
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Charles's Law
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the change of one state to another
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change of state
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when a solid changes directly to a gas
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sublimation
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changing from a solid to a liquid
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melting
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changing from a liquid to a solid
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freezing
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changing from a liquid ro a gas at the substance's boiling point (vaporization)
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boiling
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changing from a liquid to a gas at the surface of a liquid (at all temp.)
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evaporation
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changing from a gas to a liquid
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condensation
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temp. at which a solid changes into a liquid
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melting point
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the temp. at which a liquid changes to a gas
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boiling point
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matter that has definite chemical and physical properties
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pure substance
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matter that contains two or more substances that have different chemical and physical properties; isn't chemically combined; can be separated using physical methods
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mixture
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the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance
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atom
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positively charged part in the center
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nucleus
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in an area around the nucleus
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electrons
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three one-hundred-millionths of a centimeter
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atom
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made up of protons (positively charged) and electrons (no charge)
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nucleus
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negatively charged
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electrons
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# of protons
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Atomic #
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atom that has the same # of protons but different # of neutrons
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isotopes
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atom with a nucleus that woll change overtime; this type of isotope is radioactive
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unstable atom
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the sum of protons and neutrons
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mass #
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average of all naturally occuring isotopes of that element
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atomic mass
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gravitaional force
electromagnetic force strong force weak force |
four forces of atoms
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able to dissolve in water
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soluble
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won't dissolve in water
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insoluble
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substance that dissolved
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solute
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thing that did the dissolving
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solvent
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what forms when a solute and a solvent come together; appears to be a single substance; can be a solid
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solution
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solvent in water
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aqueous
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distillation
magnet centrifuge |
separating mixtures
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doesn't need to be mixed in a definite ratio
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components of a mixture
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the process in which particles of substances separate and spread evenly
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dissolving
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solid solutions of metals or nonmetals dissolved in metals
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alloys
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particles in a ____ are so small that they never settle out and cannot be removed by filtering
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solution
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a measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent
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concentration
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can be described as concentrate or dillute but doesn't tell you the specific amounts
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solutions
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grams of solute
----------------------- milliliters of solvent |
concentration
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less soluble if the temp. is raised
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gas
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a mixture in which particles of a material are disperesed throughout but are large enough to settle out
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suspension
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mixture in which the particles are disperesed throughout and are heavy enough to settle out
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colloid
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the technique used to separate dyes
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chromatography
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the patterns produced on the paper
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chromatagram
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