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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
magnet
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all domains of a substance are aligned in the same direction (domains...atoms cluster together in microscopic groups)
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current electricity
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movement of energy from one place to another; also called electric energy
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circuit
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poles of electric energy source must be connected to each other
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series circuit
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devices that are connected in a row; single path
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parallel circuit
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devices that are on separate paths; do not pass through one device to get to another
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electromagnet
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made using coil, iron, and battery; a magnet run by electricity that can be turned on and off
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chemical energy
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a form 0f potential energy stored in reactants; usually changes to heat or light energy when it is given off
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nuclear energy
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the energy that holds protons and neutrons together in an atom's nucleus
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fission
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occurs when a nucleus breaks into two parts
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fusion
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occurs when two nuclei join together to form the nucleus of a single larger atom
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waves
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disturbances that travel through matter or space, carrying energy from one place to another without carrying matter along with it
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parts of a wave
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crest - highest point trough - lowest point amplitude - half the wave height wavelength - measured between any two identical points on a wave |
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frequency
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the number of crests of a wave that move past a given point in a given unit of time
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sound
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produced vibrations of objects; cannot travel through a vacuum (empty space); must have matter to travel through
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pitch
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perception of the frequency of a sound as being high or low; A high pitch sound corresponds to a high frequency sound wave and a low pitch sound corresponds to a low frequency sound wave.
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loudness
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The loudness of a wave depends on its energy. The greater the energy the louder the sound. The greater the energy the greater the amplitude (height) of the sound wave.
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electromagnetic spectrum
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The entire range of electromagnetic radiation. At one end of the spectrum are gamma rays, which have the shortest wavelengths and high frequencies...then come x-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwaves... and at the other end are radio waves, which have the longest wavelengths and low frequencies.
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reflection
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bouncing of light waves off of a surface
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refraction
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bending of light waves when it passes from one medium to another
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transparent
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light can travel through; allows objects to be seen clearly through it
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translucent
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material lets light pass through (scatters the light), but objects on the other side can't be seen clearly
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opaque
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material that light can't travel through
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force
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push or pull
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speed
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measure of how far something travels during a period of time; distance/time
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average speed
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total distance divided by total time
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velocity
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the speed of an object in a particular direction; distance/time + direction
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momentum
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mass times velocity
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law of conservation of momentum
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momentum before a collision = momentum after collision as long as no other force acts upon it
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Newton's 1st law of motion
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an object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion in a straight line until an outside force acts upon it
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Newton's 2nd law of motion
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force = mass x acceleration; acceleration is the rate of change in velocity
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Newton's 3rd law of motion
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for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force
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friction
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two surfaces rub against each other
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work
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occurs when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the applied force; work = force x distance |
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power
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the amount of work done per unit of time
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machine
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any device that makes doing something easier
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efficiency
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the ratio between the work done by a machine and the work put into it
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simple machine
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a device with few, if any, moving parts that makes it easier to do work
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lever
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a simple machine consisting of a bar and a pivot point known as the fulcrum
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wheel and axle
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a simple machine that consists of a wheel that applies an effort force and a smaller axle that produces an output force
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pulley
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a grooved wheel that turns by the action of a rope in the groove
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inclined plane
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a straight, slanted surface that can multiply an effort force
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screw
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a simple machine made of an inclined plane wrapped around a central bar that can multiply an effort force
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wedge
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an inclined plane that changes the direction of an applied force
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compound machine
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when two or more simple machines are combined
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