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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
mechanical wave
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- require a medium to travel through
- Newton's laws govern the motion of these ex. water, air, springs, ropes, etc. |
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electromagnetic waves
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- no medium required
ex. light, radio, x-rays |
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matter waves
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- when moving particle exhibit wave-like properties
think: quantum physics |
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wave
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involves the movement of energy from one place to another by means of vibratory motion
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amplitude of a wave
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maximum displacement of the medium from its rest/equilibrium
mechanical wave: the larger the amplitude, the more energy carried by the wave |
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damping of a wave
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reduction in the amplitude of a wave as it travels, caused by loss of energy to friction or b/c energy is spread over a larger area
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application of mechanical waves
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bats, dolphins (hearing + sound,) submarines, sonar, medicine, ultrasound ...
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transverse waves
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vibrations of medium are perpendicular to direction of energy flow. particles move up and down as energy moves through them.
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longitudinal waves
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vibrations of the medium are parallel to the direction of energy flow. composed of compressions and rarefactions.
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surface waves
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combination of longitudinal and transverse waves.
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reflection
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when waves bounce off a boundary between two media.
according to the law of reflection angle of incidence (between normal and incident ray) is equal to the angle of reflection (between normal and ray of reflection) |
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producing waves?
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waves are produced by the vibratory motion of something in a medium
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wave pulse
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single disturbance that travel through a medium
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point source
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single point of disturbance that generates a circular wave
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wavelength
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distance between any two points on two consecutive waves that are in phase
symbol is λ (lambda) from Greek alphabet |
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wave speed?
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speed of a mechanical wave depends on the PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIUM
ex. speed of water depends on depth of water speed of sound depends on temp of air speed of waves in spring depend on tension of material |
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when waves hit boundaries...
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some of the wave is reflected and some is transmitted
*transmitted wave is always on the SAME side as original wave *coming from a more dense medium, reflected wave is on the same side *coming from a less dense medium, reflected wave is on opposite side |
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refraction (3)
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the bending of a wave as it enters a 2nd medium
occurs due to change in velocity of the wave. the shorter the wave, the more it refracts |
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diffraction
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bending/spreading out of waves as they pass through an opening or by a corner.
*waves diffract but particles do not! as the wavelength increases, so does the amount of diffraction |
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principle of superposition
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displacement of a medium caused by two or more colliding waves is the algebraic sum of the displacements caused by individual waves
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interference
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result of superposition of two or more waves
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constructive interference
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when waves collide andhteir displacements are in the same direction. the resulting wave has a larger amplitude.
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antinode
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regions of maximum displacement due to constructive interference
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destructive interference
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when two pulses of opposite amplitudes collide. resulting wave is smaller than the original - if it even exists.
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node
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region of complete destructive interference where the medium is undisturbed at all times.
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standing wave
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when waves travelling in different directions through a medium pass through each other. as they pass each other they interfere constructively and destructively.
waves appear to be standing still. |
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sweet spot?
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occur at the nodes when vibrations occur due to something hitting something else. (baseball bat)
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what determines... velocity?
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MEDIUM which a wave travels through
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what determines... amplitude?
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SOURCE and MEDIUM.
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what determines... wavelength?
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SOURCE and MEDIUM
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what determines... frequency?
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SOURCE
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