Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Earth's chemical layers: crust
|
Outermost layer
0-35 km Mostly basalt and granite Least dense, coolest, and most rigid layer Floats on top of the mantel |
|
Earth's chemical layers: crust |
Outermost layer 0-35 km Mostly basalt and granite Least dense, coolest, and most rigid layer Floats on top of the mantel |
|
Earth's chemical layers: Mohorovicic discontinuity |
35-2890 km below the Earth's surface 39-70 km below the continental crust 6-8 km below the oceanic crust (Nickname Moho) |
|
Earth's chemical layers: mantle |
Made up of rocks (peridotite and eclogite) Temp 100-3500 Celsius Cycles due to convection |
|
Earth's chemical layers: core |
Liquid outer layer and solid inner layer 2899-6378 km below the surface Composed of iron and nickel (in theory) Densest layer of earth |
|
Earth's sublayers: Lithosphere |
The crust and the upper most portion of the mantle. 0-60 km below the surface Cooling layer of convection that thickens over time. Made of granite and sedimentary rock |
|
Tectonic plates |
Solid shell of the earth |
|
Oceanic lithosphere |
Mafic basaltic rocks Is generally thinner and less dense than the continental Lithosphere |
|
The athenosphere |
Soft, topmost layer of mantle 100-700 km below the surface Composite materials are mostly plastic (changeable) due to heat and pressure |
|
The mesosphere |
900-2800 km below the surface Spans from the lowest part of the mantle to the mantel core boundary |
|
Liquid outer core |
2890-5100 km below surface level |
|
Barbara McClintock (d 1992)
|
First genetic map of maize (recombination is an exchange of chromosomal information and transposition)
|
|
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (d 1723)
|
magnifying glasses and observed single-celled organisms
|
|
Acute effect
|
immediate and short term response
|
|
Aquaculture
|
growing fish for consumption (1/3 of the worlds sea fish are from aquaculture)
|
|
Biomagnification
|
The increase in the amount of a toxin passeed up the food chain
|
|
Bioremediation
|
Conversion of hazardous wastes to other substances by the action of certain enzymes and bacteria
|
|
Carcinogen
|
A chemical, radiation or virus that causes cancer
|
|
Chronic effect
|
Long lasting response
|
|
Cost-benefit analysis
|
A weighing of pros and concs of an action as compared to taking no action
|
|
Dose- response relationship
|
The cause and effect connection between the amount of a substance that an organism takes into its body and the effect in the organism. Both frequency and amount is important
|
|
Drift-net/gill net fishing
|
Fishing with long nets attached to buoys. Bycatch includes whales and turtles
|
|
Environmental risk analysis
|
The process of predicting the statistical probability of damage from a hazard to the environmentor human benefits.
|
|
Externalities
|
External costs and benefits. (Air pollution)
|
|
Hazardous chemical
|
A chemical that can harm humans or animals by burning, exploding, interfering with respiration, irritating the skin, or causing an allergic reaction
|
|
Heat Island
|
An area with a higher temp than its surroundings (due to heat retaining materials like concrete)
|
|
Long line fishing
|
Fishing with long lines fitted with many hooks set with bait. Bycatch includes sea mammals sea birds and turtles
|
|
Marginal cost
|
The cost of one more action or making one more product
|
|
Mutagen
|
A chemical or radiation that causes changes in DNA molecules
|
|
Phytoremediation
|
Filtering hazardous wastes out of the environment by the action of some plants
|
|
Planned development
|
Development that results from considered and decided plans. A number of planned areas are grreed cities where car traffic is reduced and public transit is available.
|
|
Primary air pollutant
|
Harmful chemical that enters the air as a result of comustion or another process
|
|
Purse-seine fishing
|
Fishing with circular nets held down at the bottom with weights and up at the top with floats
|
|
Secondary air pollutant
|
Harmful chemical that forms when a primary air pollutant reacts with the air or anoter primary air pollutant
|
|
Smog
|
Named for a combination of smoke and fog (ozone from hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides in sunlight)
|
|
Suburban sprawl/urban sprawl
|
More and more people moving from citites to suburbs (loss of habitat)
|
|
Sustainability
|
Ability to sustain life in our environment
|
|
Temperature inversion
|
The reversal of the normal temp change of air with elevation.the warmer air is above cooler air and can keep pollutants near the ground
|
|
Teratogen
|
A chemical that causes birth defects in a fetus or embryo within someone taking in the chemical
|
|
Toxic chemical
|
A chemical that can harm or kill humans or animals, a poison, carcinogen, mutagen, or teratogen
|
|
Trawler fishing
|
Fishing by pulling nets through the water
|
|
Urbanization
|
More and more people moving from rural to urban and suburban areas. 80% of people in US live on less than 2% of the land. ~500 years ago, 5% lived in cities!
|