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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In the definition of psychology, behavior means
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outward or overt actions and reactions
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A psychologist is interested in what a particular person might do in a stressful situation. This psychologist is most interested in the goal of
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prediction
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Dr. Watson designs a special behavior program for helping children who are bullies learn how to be less aggressive and more successful in social relationships. Dr. Watson is most interested in the goal of
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control
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The first step in studying animal behavior is to observe animals and record everything they do, when they do it, and what is going on around them when they do it. This meets the goal of
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description
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Experimental psychologists, who design experiments to determine the causes of behavior, would be most interested in the goal of
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explanation
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Which early perspective would have been LEAST likely to agree with the structuralists?
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Gestalt
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What did Freud believe controlled most, if not all of our behavior?
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the unconscious mind
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Who among the following would be LEAST likely to talk about conscious experiences?
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Watson
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Who was the first woman president of the American Psychological Association?
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Many Whiton Calkins
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In the experiment with "Little Peter," what did Mary Cover Jones use as a stimulus to counter Little Peter's fear of the rabbit?
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food
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Which of the following pairs represents the two psychology perspectives that were also part of the historical beginnings of psychology?
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behaviorism and psychodynamics
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Which perspective is known as the "third force" in psychology ?
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humanism
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Elsie suffered a stroke and had to be hospitalized. While in the hospital, she talked in funny, garbled words and seemed to think that she was being held against her will. Which of the following perspectives BEST explains Elsie's odd behavior?
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biopsychology
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Which perspective would a researcher be taking if she were studying the way children store and retrieve information?
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cognitive psychology
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Which of the following historical perspectives gave rise, at least in part, to the evolutionary perspective?
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functionalism
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Which of the the following professionals in psychology focuses more on the environmental conditions that affect mental disorders?
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psychiatric social worker
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Which of the following specialties in psychology deals diagnosis and treatment of disorders?
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clinical
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Max is interested in becoming a psychologist. He is most interested in how people in groups behave differently from people who act alone. He would most likely specialize _______ psychology
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social
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Dr. Roaden works in a school system, dealing directly with children who have emotional, academic, and behavioral problems. Dr. Roaden is most likely which type of psychologist?
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school
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In the scientific method, the first step is
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perceiving a question
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In a naturalistic observation, the phenomenon in which the behavior of the subjects being observed changes changes because because they are being watched is called
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observer effect
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The use of ____ helps to control for the effect of observer bias.
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blind observers
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The main disadvantage of a case study is that it is not
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generalizable to other similar conditions
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which of the following is the BEST example of a representative sample?
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you choose people randomly from the telephone book to respond to your survey
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It's pretty common knowledge that the more you study, the higher your grade will be. What kind of correlation is this relationship?
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positive
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In an experiment to test the effects of alcohol on memory, the experimenter gives vodka mixed in orange juice to one group of subjects and orange juice with no vodka to the other group. She then measures the memory skills of both groups by means of a memory test. In this study, the independent variable would be
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the presence or absence of vodka in the orange juice
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In that same experiment, the control group is the one that gets
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the orange juice without vodka
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In a ____ study, neither the experimenter nor the participants know who is in the control group and who is in the experimental group.
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double-blind
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In Dr. Amabile's classic experiment of the effects of reward on creativity, what was the dependent variable?
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the ratings of creativity from the experts for each child's collage
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Which of the following is NOT one of the common ethical rules?
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Deception cannot be used in any studies with human beings
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We use animals in research because
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we can do things to animals that we cant do to people, animals dont live as long as humans and are easier to control, and animals have simple behavior that makes it easy to see changes
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A famous newscaster advertises a new magnetic mattress for controlling pain. If Nathaniel decides to order the mattress because he believes that such an error in which the following?
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Authority or expertise does not make the claims of the authority or expert true.
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Critical thinking means making judgements based on
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reason and logical evaluation
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Which pseudopsychology claims to understand personality through a study of the bumps on one's skull?
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phrenology
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In the definition of psychology, mental processes means
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internal, covert processes
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A psychologist is interested in finding out why identical twins have different personalities.
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explanation
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Psychologists who give potential employees tests that determine what kind of job those employees might best fit are interested in the goal of
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prediction
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which early theorist developed his perspective on psychology by basing it on Darwin's "survival of the fittest" doctrine?
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William James
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"The whole is greater than the sum of the parts" is a statement associated with the perspective of
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Gestalt psychologists
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______ was (were) the focus of Watson's behaviorism
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Observable experiences
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Who is the most associated with the technique of introspection?
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Wundt
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Who was denied a Ph. D despite completing all the requirements for earning the degree?
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Mary Whiton Calkins
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Which perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization?
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humanism
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Jenna suffers from a nervous tic of washing her hands repeatedly and being unable to resist washing them again. Which perspective would explain Jenna's hand washing behavior as a result of repressed conflicts?
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psychodynamics
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Which perspective looks at perception, learning, and memory?
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cognitive psychology
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Which perspective assumes that human behavior may have developed in certain directions because it served a useful function in preserving the species?
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evolutionary perspective
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Which of the following professionals in psychology has the broadest area of interests and functions?
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psychologist
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A person who has suffered a major stroke and is now experiencing severe personality problems becasue of the damage would bst be advised to see a
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psychiatrist
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Which of the following specialties in psychology provides diagnosis and treatment for less serious mental problems such as adjustment disorders?
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counseling
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In the scientific method, forming an educated guess called
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form of hypothesis
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The main advantage of a case study
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the amountof detail it provides about an individual
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the entire group that researcher is interested in is called a
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population
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Professor Jones surveyed her six classes and found that students who slept less than 5 hours the night before the exam received lower exam scores than those students between hours of sleep and scores
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positive
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Drinking orange juice is negatively correlated with lower risked cancer. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?
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The more orange juice you drink, the lower your risk of cancer.
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A researcher designs an experiment to test the effects of playing video games on memory. What would be the dependent variable?
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scores on memory test
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In that same experiment, the experimental group would
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play the video games
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in Dr. Amabile's experiment on creativity and reward, what was the independent variable?
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the special instructions to each group
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In a ____ study, only the experimenter knows who is in the control group and who is in the experimental group
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single-blind
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Double-blind studies control for
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the placebo effect and the experimenter effect
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Dr. Silverberg conducted a study in which she tests infants for memory ability. Before she can begin her study, she must obtain
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Informed consent from the parents
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Several years ago two scientists announced that they had achieved "cold fusion" in the laboratory, but further studies failed to replicate their findings and later they found that the original scientists had used sloppy methods. This highlights which of the following critical thinking principles?
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All evidence is not equal in quality
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Which pseudopsychology claims to understand personality through a study of the positions of heavenly bodies
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astrology
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