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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The ecological approach was developed by
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-J.J. Gibson
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In the study by Lee et al, infants were put in rooms with movable walls. This study found that
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-children will lean back when a forward-swaying flow pattern was created
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Land and Lee tracked the eyes of drivers in a simulator. They found that drivers negotiate curves by
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-using information in addition to optic flow
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4. MST neurons that respond to flow
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-are found in the ventral stream
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In an experiment by Britten and van Wezel, the perceived direction of motion was found to be influenced
by micros stimulation of neurons in ____ |
-MST
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Affordances
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-provide the observer possibilities for action
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7.Pierno et al. (2006) identified brain activity that occurs when observers watch someone else grasps a ball,
or when the other person gazes at the ball. These brain areas are called the |
-action observation system
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Calvo-Merino et al.’s (2005) research that involved showing dance videos to expert ballet and capioera
dancers supported the conclusion that: |
-mirror neurons can be shaped by a person’s experience
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As you drive across a bridge, the optic flow is rapid close to the car, but there is no flow
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-at the focus of expansion
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According to Gibson, the relationship between movement and flow is
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-Movement creates flow, which then provides information to guiding further movement
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11. When expert gymnasts closed their eyes when making a backward somersault, they performed
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-more poorly, because they couldn’t make “in-air” corrections based on flow information
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The zoetrope produces
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-apparent movement
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Clara has an accident and suffers from damage bilaterally in the medial temporal lobes. Afterward,
she finnds it hard to pour a cup of coffee because she cannot tell wheen it will be full. She likely has a condition called |
-motion agnosia
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A mouse “freezes” when it sees a cat nearby. This assists the mouse’s survival because
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-both a and b.: being motionless reduces both the attention-attracting effect of motion, and the
chance that the cat willsee the mouse against the background |
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Mirror neurons
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-help an individual understand another person’s actions and react appropriately, help the person
imitate observed behaviors, have been discovered in the premotor cortex |
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Audio-visual mirror neurons in the monkey fire
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-when the monkey sees the experimenter grasp a piece of food, and when he hears a peanut being
broken |
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Ikya looks at a white surface under sunlight conditions and she perceives it to be white. When she
looks at the white surface under a tungsten light, it looks ___ to her |
-white
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The stimulus in the textbook that displayed 4 discs that were covered by a white or dark mist
exemplified the role of ___ in lightness perception |
-perceptual organization
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Honeybees have a cone pigment that maximally absorbs wavelengths of ___nm
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-335
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The aperture problem is solved by the pooling of responses of a number of V1 neurons. Physiological
evidence suggests that this pooling occurs in the ____ |
-MT cortex
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The connection between MT neurons and movement perception has been supported by
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-both lesioning and micro stimulation studies
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R.W. sees static dots that are flashed while he is moving his eyes as moving at the same rate as his eye-
movements. He had cortical damage that eliminated |
-corollary discharge signals
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A “point-light walker” wears lights on different body locations. When viewed in a dark room, an
observer would perceive a |
-person when the point-light mover is moving
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The reflectance curve is a plot of the light reflected off a surface as a function of
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-wavelength
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The reflectance curve for a white piece of paper would
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-reflect long, medium and short wavelengths equally
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Which color is categorized as an extra-spectral color?
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-brown
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You stare at upward moving dots for a while then look at a bunch of static dots, which you see as
moving slightly downward for a while and then they stop. While you see the dots moving downward, there is ___ activation in ___ as when you see them as completely still. |
-move/MT Cortex
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An afterimage when viewed in the dark appears to move when you move your eyes, this is what the
corollary discharge theory would predict because |
-there is no IDS, but there is a CDS
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Which of the following is true about the corollary discharge theory?
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-it can explain why you see a bird moving in flight when you are following it with your eyes
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Blue and Yellow lights mixed together yield
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-white
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The major theories of color vision were first proposed
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-in the 1800’s, based on behavioral evidence only
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Color matching experiments show that if a person with full color vision is given at least ___
wavelengths to mix together, the person can match any single wavelength |
-3
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The trichromatic theory of color vision states that color perception is due to
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-the pattern of activity in three different receptors
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Opponent neurons found in the ___ provide physiological support for the opponent process theory
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-both the retina and the LGN
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Which of the following was not an opponent mechanism proposed by Hering?
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-blue (+); Green (-)
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Which of the following is phenomenological support for the “opponent-process theory” of color
vision? |
-all of these
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The pattern of firing of receptor activity in response to red would be
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-little firing from the S receptor, a moderate firing from the M receptor, and large firing from the
L receptor |
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Two stimuli that are physically different, but are perceptually identical are called
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-metamers
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A unilateral dichromat
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-has trichromatic vision in one eye and dichromatic vision in the other eye
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Which of the following statements is true about dichromatism?
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Males are more likely to be dichromats than females
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Physiological evidence shows that protonopes do not have the ___ wavelength cone pigment
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-long
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Which of the following is behavioral support for the “opponent-process theory”?
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-color afterimages
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Nora adapts to a yellow stimulus for about 30 seconds. She will then see an afterimage that appears
to be |
-blue
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Dr. Mills wants to create a stimulus that will produce an afterimage of a red heart shape against a
white background. He should make the heart ___ and the background ___ |
-green, black
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Which statement below best describes the current consensus on the theories of color vision?
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-the physiology of the cone receptors and the discovery of opponent cells in which the retina
and LGN show that both theories are correct |
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fact that a blue hat is seen as having the same color indoors and outdoors is an example of
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-color constancy
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Which of the following is a finding that demonstrates the phenomenon of memory color?
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-participants perceive a 620-nm pattern as being redder is that pattern has the shape of a stop
sign rather than a mushroom shape |
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The ___ is demonstrated when you look through a circle you make with your fingers, move a pencil,
either horizontally or diagonally from left to right behind your fingers and notice that the two directions of motion look exactly the same |
-aperture problem
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49. When Di Pelligrino added a handle to a cup that was presented to a woman with extinction,
identification of the cup was increased. This demonstrates the importance of ___ in object identification |
-affordances
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In the study by Derbyshire et al on affordances where subjects were asked to respond to whether an
object was man-made (by pinching a button with the thumb and index finger) or naturally occurring (by squeezing a handle with the whole hand), they found that the responses were |
-faster for a key than a hammer
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