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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What is the distinction between learning and memory? |
Can't be fully distinguished! |
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Learning |
Aquiring a skill or knowledge. Relatively permanent change in behaviour as a result of experience. Requires memory. |
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Memory |
Ability to recall or recognize previous experience. The application/demonstration of learning. Interpretation and storage of experience. |
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Differences between learning and memory? |
Learning happens at the time of the experience, while memory is what allows it to persist. |
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How are learning and memory seen in this course? |
As aspects of the same process!! |
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What causes L&M? |
Neural activity. There must be a functional/structural change in the brain for a change in behaviour to occur. |
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Explicit/Declarative Memory |
Conscious/fact memory. Can be semantic (places/facts) or episodic (personal details/events). Memory in which one can retrieve an item. |
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Implicit/Procedural Memory |
Unconscious/skill or movement memory. Can demonstrate knowledge but cannot explain how info was retrieved. |
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What brain structure deals with facts and events (declarative memory)? |
Medial temporal lobe (hippocampus) and diencephalic memory systems. |
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What brain structure deals with skills and habits (procedural)? |
Basal ganglia, cerebellum, motor cortex. |
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Hippocampus |
Most important structure for explicit memory. Critical for explicit memory, spatial memory, and consolidation. |
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Theories of hippocampal function. |
Cognitive map theory (hippocampus constructs and stores allocentric maps of the world). |
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Challenges to the cognitive map theory. |
The firing of place cells sometimes depends on behaviours. Hippocampal damage sometimes impairs behaviour without a spatial component. Evidence for 'concept' cells. Hippocampus is large and complex, and its substructures need to be evaluated in more detail. |
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What's so special about London cab drivers? |
They have larger hippocampi. |
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Why is implicit memory unconscious? |
Because connections between basal ganglia and cortex are unidirectional. It received info form the neocortex, but does not project back to it. For memories to be conscious, there must be feedback to the cortex. |
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Why is explicit memory concious? |
Because the medial temportal live projects back to the cortex. |
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Short-term/working memory |
Lasts seconds, reflects change in neural activity. |
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Long-term memory. |
Lasts minutes, days, years. Reflects change in brain structure. |
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Working memory |
Memory for the temporal order of events. All sensory systems project to the frontal lobes. |
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Where is memory stored? |
Each memory is stored diffusely throughout the brain structures that were involved in its formation. |
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What structures have particular roles in storage of memory? |
Hippocampus (spatial location) Perirhinal cortex (object recognition) Mediodorsal nucleus (Korsakoff's symptoms) |
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What is an engram? |
A memory trace. A mental representation of a previous experience. Assumption that memory is stored in one physical location in the brain. |
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IS memory stored in one physical location in the brain? |
No! There is no single place in the nervous system that can be identified as the location of memory or learning. Info from each sensory modality (vision, audition) is processed and sorted in difference neural areas. |
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