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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rostral |
Anterior, frontal (Beak) |
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Caudal |
Posterior (Back) |
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Dorsal |
top |
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Ventral |
Bottom |
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Sagittal |
Middles |
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Horizontal |
Seperates top and bottom |
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Coronial |
Seperated front and back |
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Medial |
Towards the middle |
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Lateral |
off to the side |
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Ipsilateral |
Same side |
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Contralateral |
Opposite side |
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The Menegies |
1. Dura Materm- Outside hard protectant 2. Arachnoid Membrane- web like layer -Ceribrial Spinal Fluid 3. Pia Mater - Soft layer |
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Central Nervous System |
1. Cerebrum - Sensation and perception 2. Cerebellum - movement and coordination 3 Brain Stem - |
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Spine |
1. Sensory Input-Dorsal Horn-Dorsal Column |
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The Brain |
1. Hindbrain 2. Midbrain 3. Forebrain |
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Hindbrain |
1. Cerebellum 2. Pons - bridges 3. Medulla - 4. Four Ventricles |
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Midbrain |
1. Tactum - roof 1. Superior Colliculus: Visual 2. Inferior Colliculus: Auditory 2. Tegmentum - floor 1. VTA: beginning of motivational pathway (pleasure) 2. Substantinigra: body movement |
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Forebrain |
1.Subcotricals 2. Limbic System 3. Cingulate Cortex 4. Cerebrial Cortex
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Subcorticals |
1. Thalamus:Sensory relay station (vision touch) 2. Hypothalamus: Hormones and body regulator 3. Basal Ganglia: Integrate movement
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Limbic System |
A. Hippocampus: Short term to long term (consolidation)
B. Amygdala: Fear (Fight or Flight) C. Nucleus Succumbins: Reward |
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Cerebrial Coretex (4 lobes) |
Occipotal Tempral Frontal Parital |
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Biological Psychology |
Bio foundation of behavior, social and mental process |
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Trepanation |
drill hole in brain |
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Hippocrates |
four parts of humour |
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Galen |
found brain connects to body (gladiators) |
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Decartes |
brain is mind and body animal-reflexive human-god given soul pineal gland: release DNT |
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Galvani |
nerves are electrical wires throughout body (frogs) |
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Bell and Magendie |
Nerves go in two direct Dorsal: Upward, sensory info (back) Ventricle: Downward, motor info (front) |
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Grey matter White matter Corpus Colllosum |
Nuerons Fat (Myelin, Axons) Infor from L-R |
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Ramon |
Neuron doctrine (rat brain cells differ) |
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Florence |
Ablasion Cerebellum Cerebrum |
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Gale |
Phonology |
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Broca |
Speech localization (left front lobe) |
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Gage |
injury to bilateral frontal lobe (not same person) |
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Darwin |
natural selection |
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Methods of study |
1. Histology 2. Imaging 3. Genetics |
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Histology |
1. Nissl Stain-cell body (counting ) 2. Golgi - entire neuron dendrite axon conncetion) 3. Myelin - pathways (thick-fast slim-slow) 4. Flourescent Stain - multiple neurons (dyes) |
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Imaging |
1. PET Scan - functional view (activity) 2. CT scan - structural (tumor) 3. MRI - Structural (specific) 4. fMRI - shows areas (More or less activity) |
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Genetics |
1. Twins 2. Knockout virus- turn off gene 3. RNA interferance- virus shuts off particual gene |
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Ectoder |
NS in skin |
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Neural tube |
become CNS |
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Forming neural tube |
1. ectoderm- thin sheet of cell 2. groove form n nueral plate 3. walls of groove fold, close, fuse form tube 4. ectoderm pinched off as nueral tube, closes form neural crest |
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three viscicles of NT |
1. prosencephalon - forbrain 2. mesencephalon - midbrain 3. rhombencephalon - hindbrain |
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Neural tube defects |
1. ancephaly - no brain (rostral nt doesnt fuse) 2. Spina bifida - hole in spine 9caudal fails to fuse) 3. Down syndrome - extra 21 chromosome |
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Glia |
1. Astrocytes 2. oligendrocytes 3. microgilia |
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astrocytes |
support - fill gap most numerous physical support envelopes synapse |
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oligendrocytes |
myelin - insulation wraps around axon |
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microgilia |
trash collector smallest destroys envaderd |
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Sulcus Gyrus |
valleys hills |
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Cerebral cortex |
humans- associtation (analyze / think) animals - primary (not integrated) |
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Neocortex |
6 layers functionally striated sensory cortex - thick layer IV motor cortex - thick layer V |
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Peripheral Nervous System |
NS Central Peripheral Brain Spinal cord Autonomic Somatic Sympathetic Parasympathetic |
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Somatic |
controlled, voluntary |
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autonomic |
Sympathetic: Fight, FLight, Fornicate, Food Parasympathetic: GRID involuntary |
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12 Cranial Nerves |
1. Olfactory - smell 2. optic - vision 3. oculomotor - eye movement 4. trochear - eye movement 5. trigeminal - jaw muscle, touch face 6. abelucens - eye movement 7. facial - face muscle, taste 8. vestibulochlear - hearing/balance 9. glossopharyngeal - throat, muscle, taste 10. vagus - viscera, sense control 11.spinal accesory - throat/neck muscle 12. hypoglossal - tongue |