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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Compacted DNA; found in the nucleus; contains genetic material
23 pairs from each parent |
Chromosome
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Carries genetic material
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DNA
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Female; egg carries the X Chromosome
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X Chromosome
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Male; Sperm carries X & Y; determines the sex
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Y Chromosome
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egg and sperm unit; Conception to 2 weeks
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Zygote
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2-8 Weeks of growing
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Embryo
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After 8 weeks
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Fetus
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Damages the developing baby
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Teratogens
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Stress
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Drinking; exercise
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Newborn Reflexes
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automatic
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Personalities
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Mothers seem to know the personality of the baby before they are born
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Jean Piaget
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Swiss psychologist; developed stages of cognitive developement
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Intelligence
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A basic life process aand helps us adapt to our developement
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Schemas
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Organized patterns of thought (have one for everything we do)
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Assimilation
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Incorporate new information into existing schemas
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Accomodation
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Modifying existing schemas
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Fluid Intelligence
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Ability to think abstractly; measures logical thought
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Cyrstallized Intelligence
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Accumulation of knowledge (school, home) all types of factual knowledge (verbal)
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Sensori-Motor
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View world from senses (hear, sight) and motor skills (moving)
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Object permanance
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Be able to look for things that are hidden; they know its there
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Pre-Operational
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Sensory, motor capabilities are getting coordinated; symbols
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Animism
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life-like characteristics to objects or things
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Child Ego Centrism
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everything; life is about them
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Imaginative
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may have imaginary friends (not abnormal at this age)
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Inability to conserve
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inability to understand that just because something is a different shape it doesn't mean that they don't contain the same
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Concrete Operational
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Can't think outside of the box; black and white no gray area; logic may start to "peek" out; starting to think
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Formal Operational
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11+
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Abstract thinking
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hypothetical thinking; scientific
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Adolescent Ego Centrisim
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All about me; the world revolves around me
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Personal fable
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Belief that it won't happen to me; "I'm gonna do drugs, and nothing will happen to me."
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Imaginary Audience
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All eyes are me; belief that everyone is looking at you
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Adolescence-Cognative developement
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Culture plays a role in developement
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Attachment
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An emotional bond that leads us to want to be with them; miss them when they are not around
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Harlow's monkey experiments
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Baby monkey w/o mothers. Designed a wire monkey and another with fur. Food - wire, sleep - furry monkey
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Separation anxiety
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Fear of being away from primary caregiver
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Self-concept
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beliefs, values, desires, and attributes that define a person to him or herself
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Critical to social developement
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rooted in cognitive developement
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Pre-School
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Is where they are in the environment
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Grade School
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how they stand in relation to their peers
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Adolescence
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think and reason abstractly
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Gender Identity
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A person's belief that he or she is either male or female.
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Trust v. Mistrust
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Bonding 0-1
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Autonomy v. Shame & Doubt
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Show independence 1-2
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Inititive v. Guilt
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accidents happen 3-6
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Industry v. Inferiority
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School 6-12
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Identity v. Role Confusion
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Finding your identity; 12-20
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Intimacy v. Isolation
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Form deep ratlationships; 20-40/60
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Generativity v. Self Absorption
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40/60-70;
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Integrity v. Dispair
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70 to Death; meaning of life
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Aging due to genes
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can't be changed
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Aging due to the environment
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can be changed; nutrition, gun, smoking, sun
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Grief
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the emotion of distress following the death of a loved one
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Bereavement
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the experience of missing the person and longing for them to return
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Stages of Grief
D |
Denial
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SoG
A |
Anger
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SoG
Bargaining |
Bargaining
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SoG
D |
Depression
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SoG
A |
Acceptance
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Obedience & Punishemnt
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right and wrong
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Instrumental Relativist
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behave the way they are expected to
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Good boy/Nice girl
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Fit in
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Law and Order
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understand the law/rules
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Legalistic
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follow and obey rules
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Universal
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doing something not based on laws
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Having objective symptoms that manifest in behaviors
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Abnormal behavior
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Reasons to be institutionalized
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1) Hurt yourself
2) Hurt Others |
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*An obvious impairment
*Inability to perceieve and comprehend events accurately *Can't take in information, proces, and understand it |
Psychosis
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*Mental images that seem real
*Can have - auditory, visual, tactile |
Hallucinations
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Most frequent hallucination
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Auditory, followed by visual
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Bizarre, false beliefs
I.E. "I am the president of the United States." |
Delusions
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*A constellation of symptoms marked by significant distress in at least one area (work, school, home,
relationships) *More than one symptom *Interfers with daily routine |
Pyschological disorders
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Genetic components
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Biological factors
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*A genetic tendency that hasn't been developed.
*Stress is added causing problems. |
Diathesis Stress Model
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Genetic component + Stress = ?
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Biological or Mental Illness
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*Used by mental health professionals.
*Used to classify disorders |
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV TR)
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AXIS I
*What type of disorders? *Disorder Categories |
*Clinical Disorders
*Mood Disorders, Anxiety Disorders |
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AXIS II
*What type of disorders? *Disorder Categories |
*Personality Disorders
*Personality Disorders, Mental Retardation (IQ Below 10) |
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AXIS III
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General Medical Conditions
I.E. Diabetes, Recent MI |
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AXIS IV
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Psychosocial & Environmental
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AXIS V
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GAF (Global Assessment of Functioning)
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*Easiest to do something with
*Intensive and persuasive ______ or fear |
Anxiety Disorders
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Anxiety Disorders
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*Panic Disorder
*Phobias |
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*Increased Heartrate
*Increased Blood pressure *Chest Pain *Hyperventilating *Fear of another attack *A sense of impending doom |
Panic disorder
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*A specific fear and anxiety
*A fear of an identified object, class of of objects, situation |
Phobia
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*AKA Simple Phobia
*Fear of something (an identiied object or event) *5-10% of population has it |
Specific phobia
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*Fear of social or performance situation in which embarrassment may occur
*Fear of being judged |
Social Phobia
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Someone who either experienced or witnessed a traumatic event like rape, war, or natural disaster
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PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)
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Symptoms of PTSD
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~Lack of sleep
~Very irritable ~Re-experience the trauma ~Heightened arousal ~Exaggerated reflexes ~Avoidance |
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Increased chance of PTSD
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1.) They have no control.
2.) Control has been taken away. 3.) Overcontrolling 4.) Don't discuss the situation 5.) Lack of social support 6.) Fear of not being believed or even blamed 7.) Diassociated during trauma |
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Disruption in the normal process of conscience awareness and/or momory
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Disassociate
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A disorder marked by the presense of obsessions and sometimes compulsion
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OCD (Obsessive-Compulsion Disorder)
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*Recurrent, perscistent thoughts or impulses or mental image
*Intrusice, inappropriate, and difficult to ignore |
Obsessions
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*Repetitive behavior or mental act
*Feel compelled to perform the behavior or mental act in response to the obsession |
Compulsions
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Percistent or episodic (episodes) disturbances in affect (mood) that interfer normal function in at least one area of life
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Mood Disorders
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Symptoms:
*Change in weight (gain or loss) *Loss of energy *Decrease or loss of concentration *Decrease or increase in sleep *Feel guilty *Sense of hopelessness *Sense of helplessness *Irratibiltiy *Restless *No interest in things that once brought that once brought pleasure to them. |
Major Depression (MDD)
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MDD Diagnosis
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Present for at least 2 weeks
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*Have symptoms for at least 2 years prior to diangosis
*Same symptoms as depression but at a lower level |
Dysthymia
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*Used be known as Manic depression
*One or more manic episodes, one or more MDD episodes *Switch back and forth between manic and depressive episode *A period of one week during which mood is abnormally elevated |
Bi-Polar
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SYMPTOMS:
*Irritable *Anger *Expansive Affect *Appear high (but no drugs used) *Don't require sleep or food *Do things that they wouldn't normally do *Racing thoughts Treatment: Mood stabilizers Often misdiagnosed as ADHD ~Men are angry, while women may dress provocative |
Bi-Polar
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*Below mania but above normal
*People often self-meidcate themselves |
Hypomania
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*More difficult to control on medication.
*Occurs 3 or 4 times a year *Switch back & forth |
Rapid Cycling
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*Women attempt more often.
*Elderly - increase # of attempts. *If someone is talking about it (they are serious) *Worry if they quickly become calm after talking about it. |
Suicide Myths
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AXIS I
*Split from reality; brain *1 in 100 are diagnosed *Marked social and occupational disfunctions *A psychotic disorder in which affects, behaviors, and thoughts are profoundly altered. |
Schizophrenia
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Exaggerated behaviors that already exist hallucinations, distortions
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Positive symptoms
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A poverty of what should be there
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Negative symptoms
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A restriction in the speech or thought say something that has nothing to do with conversation.
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Algoria
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A restriction in goal directed behavior
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Avolition
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Sub-types of schizophrenia
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~Paranoid
~Disorganized ~Catatonic ~Undifferentiated |
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Dilusions of persicutions (someone is out to get me)
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Paranoid
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Speech and behavior are very "flat" combined with inappropriate affect.
*Flat expression, no changes |
Disorganized
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Bizarre, restless movements, rocking back and forth, shaking a body part
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Catatonic
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Symptoms from 2 or all three sub-types can be distinguished
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Undifferentiated
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Schizophrenia diagnosis
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At least a month before being diagnosed with 2 or more positive, 2 or more negative symptoms
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Axis I
A disruption in usual functioning of consciousness, memory, or identity |
Dissoctiate disorder
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Someone is unsure of who they are
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Identity confusion
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Used to be known as Multiple Personality Disorder; Now DID - dissociative identity disorder
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Identity alteration
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Familiar object become unreal things that seemed real at one point, but now it is not.
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Derealization
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*When conscious awareness is outside of the person's body.
*Way of coping *Like during a rape |
Depersonalization
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*Form of amnesia that we commonly know
*Doesn't remember who they are. *Results from trauma |
Dissocative amnesia
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An abrupt, unexpected departure combined with the inability to remember personal information
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Dissociative fugue
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AXIS II
~Anti-Social ~Narcissistic ~Histrionic |
Personality Disorders
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Ingrained and inflexible traits
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Personality disorder
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*Love to be around people
SYMPTOMS/Characteristics: *Charming *Feel very important *Egocentric *Reckless *Very deceitful *Show no remorse *Very manipulative *Most often males *1-2% of population diagnosed *80% of inmates could have or be diagnosed with it |
Anti-Social Personality Disorder
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SYMPTOMS/Characterstics:
*Very(extremely)grandiose *Capable of great things *Pre-occupied by money, power, and beauty *Lack of empathy for those people that they feel that are below them *Will take advantage of people Will only associate themselves with people that they feel are on their level. *Highly intelligent |
Narcissistic Personailty Disorder
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SYMPTOMS/Characteristics:
*Often considered as "drama queen" *Center of attention *Try everything for attention *Use dramatic expressions *Constant high anxiety and drama |
Histrionic Personality Disorder
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Anorexia Nervosa
Bulimia Nervosa |
Eating Disorders
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*Refusal to maintain normal weight.
*People who are 98 still think they are fat *Dismorphic syndrome *Someone looks in teh mirror and sees that something is wrong *Restriction of the intake of food *Treatment started in Europe *10% will die from complications: hair is brittle and dry, skin is dry, b/c they aren't taking any nutrients |
Anorexia nervosa
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*Recurrent episodes of binging followed by purging.
*Hard on the heart. *People will eat food, but then throw it up. *Do not look thin *Gag reflex will eventually not work as will. *There can also be binging without purging. |
Bulimia Nervosa
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