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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Emotion |
An immediate, specific, negative or positive response to environmental events or internal thoughts. |
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Primary Emotions |
Emotions that are innate, evolutionarily adaptive, and universal. (Shared across cultures) - Anger - Fear - Sadness - Disgust - Happiness - Surprise - Contempt |
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Secondary Emotions |
Blends of Primary Emotions. - Remorse - Guilt - Submission - Shame - Love - Bitterness -Jealousy |
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Emotions have Three affects |
1. Physical Process (heart beating faster, sweat) 2. Behavioral Response (eyes and mouth open wide) 3. A feeling (based on cognitive appraisal of the situation and interpretation of the bodily state) |
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Feelings |
The subjective experience of the emotion. Ex. "feeling scared" but not the emotion itself. |
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Moods |
Diffused, long-lasting emotional states that do not have an identifiable object or trigger. Ex. Anger = emotion Irritable = mood |
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Circumplex Model |
Model for emotions based on valence (negative/positive) and arousal relationship. |
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Two pathways that information reaches the Amygdala |
1. Quick and dirty 2. Slow and deliberate |
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Two pathways that information reaches the Amygdala |
1. Quick and dirty 2. Slow and deliberate |
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Quick and dirty pathway |
Sensory information is processed instantly. |
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Slow and deliberate pathway |
Sensory information goes through thalamus to the cortex before sent to the Amygdala. |
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James- Lange Theory |
Physical Reaction causes emotions. |
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Facial Feedback Hypothesis |
Facial expressions trigger the experience of an emotion. |
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Cannon Bard Theory |
Emotional stimuli are sent to the body (physical reaction) and the brain (emotional response) separately and simultaneously. independent experiences. |
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Schachter-Singer Theory |
Undifferentiated Physiological Arousal. |
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Misattribution of Arousal |
When people misidentify the source of their arousal. |
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Affect-as-Information Theory |
People use current moods to make judgements and appraisals. They rely on their mood even if they don't know their mood source. |
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Somatic Markers |
Bodily Reactions that arise from the emotional evaluation of an action's consequences. |
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Damage to Somatic Markers |
- Risky gambling (don't have the feeling that "something is a bad idea) |
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Display Rules |
Social Rules learned through socialization that dictate which emotions are suitable in given situations. |
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Guilt is good in three ways |
1. Discourages people from doing things that would harm their relationship. 2. It displays care about their relationships. 3. Can be used to manipulate others. |
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Four essential qualities for Motivational States |
1. energizing (cause animals to do something) 2. Directive (guide behaviors to satisfy specific goals/needs) 3. Persist, until they satisfy their need. 4. Strength. |
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Motivation |
A process that energizes, guides, and maintains behavior towards a goal. |
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Need Hierarchy ("Need Theory" of motivation) |
1. Physiological (hunger, thirst, warmth, air) 2. Safety 3. Belonging and Love (friendship) 4. Esteem 5. Self Actualization |
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Self Actualization |
Living to full potential, achieving personal dreams and aspirations. |
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Homeostasis |
The tendency for bodily functions to maintain equilibrium. |
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Over time, if a behavior constantly reduces a drive it becomes a |
Habit |
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Yerkes-Dodson Law |
"optimal level of arousal" |
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Incentives |
External objects or goals that motivate behaviors. |
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Extrinsic Motivation |
Motivation to perform an activity because of the external goal, typically a reward. |
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Intrinsic Motivation |
Motivation to perform an activity because of the value or pleasure associated with that activity. |
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Self-Determination Theory |
Extrinsic rewards reduce intrinsic value because such rewards undermine people's feeling that they are choosing to do something for themselves. |
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Self Perception Theory |
People are seldom aware of their specific motives. Instead they draw inferences about their motives according to what makes the most sense. Ex. Realizing hoe hungry you were after you ate. |
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Hedonism |
Desire for pleasure. If something feels good we do it again. |
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Approach Motivations |
Seek out food, sex, and companionship because they are associated with pleasure. |
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Avoidance Motivation |
Encourages people to avoid negative outcomes because that are associated with pain. |
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Self-Regulation of behavior |
The process by which people change their behavior to attain personal goals. |
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Self-Efficacy |
The expectation that your efforts will lead to success. |
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Achievement- Motive |
The desire to do well relative to standards of excellence. |
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Turning Hot Cognition into Cold Cognition |
Mentally transforming the desired object into something undesired. |
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Satiety |
when you stop eating because your'e full |
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VMH |
Fullness |
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LH |
Hunger |
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Sensory-Specific-Satiety |
Animals eat more when presented with a variety of foods because they quickly grow tired of one flavor. |
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Sexual Response Cycle |
1. Excitement phase 2. Plateau phase 3. Orgasm phase 4. Resolution Phase |
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Sexual Strategies Theory |
Men and Women have evolved distinct mating strategies because they faced different adaptive problems over the course of human history. |