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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is human memory?
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A set of systems or processes that involve the acquisition, storage, and retrieval of information
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Although it is often referred to in the singular, memory is not a single structure or process, it involves…
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Encoding, Storage, Retrieval
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(1) The process of putting information into memory, or forming cognitive representations of information
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Encoding
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The process of keeping encoded representations in memory
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Storage
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The process of locating stored information in memory and getting it out in a useful fashion
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Retrieval
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Stores large amounts of memory for short periods of time (a few seconds or less)
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Sensory memory
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a level of memory processing with limited capacity that will fade after a brief duration if not rehearsed
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Short term memory (STM)
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Analogous to a “desktop” or “workbench” where we keep information while we are working with it
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Short term memory (STM), also called working memory
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A representation in memory of a meaningful unit of information is a “_____”
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chunk
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Psychologist who worked with short term memory
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Alan D. Baddeley
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What type of memory was referred to as a "leaky bucket"?
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Short term memory (STM)
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Memory for large amounts of information that is held for long periods of time
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Long term memory (LTM)
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To think about information, organize it, form images of it, make it meaningful, or relate it to something already in LTM
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elaborative rehearsal
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Different types of LTM?
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1.Semantic memory 2.Episodic memory 3.Procedural memory
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________ memory is of specific, not abstract, events
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Episodic
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The subset of LTM which stores vocabulary, simple concepts and rules
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Semantic memory
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The subset of LTM where we store the responses and chains of events that have been well learned
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Procedural memory (non-declarative memory)
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Memory of significant life events
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Autobiographical memory
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Psychologist who called procedural knowlege "knowing how" and declarative knowledge "knowing that"
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John Anderson
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The psychologist who said we "make up new memories everyday" was…
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Elisabeth Loftus
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extremely unpleasant, traumatic events are pushed deep into the unconscious corners of memory where retrieval is difficult at best
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Repressed memory (motivated forgetting)
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The process that occurs when someone produces information to which he/she has been previously exposed
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Recall
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The retrieval process of identifying material that has been previously experienced
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Recognition
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Retrieval is most successful when cues present at encoding are also present at retrieval
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Matching context
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The extent to which a given stimulus elicits existing associations already stored in memory
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Meaningfulness
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Techniques that aid retrieval by helping us to organize and add meaningfulness to new material
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Mnemonic devices
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The mnemonic technique of weaving otherwise unrelated or unorganized material into a meaningful story
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Narrative chaining
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The mnemonic technique of imaging a visual connection to a key word to be remembered
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Key word method
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The process of practicing or rehearsing material over and above what is needed to learn it
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Overlearning
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One of the best methods for practicing retrieval is to
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Test yourself
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“Tests enhance later retention more than additional study of the material, even when tests are given without feedback” quote by…
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Roediger & Karpike
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