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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 4 nodes of the memory network?
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stimulus, sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory
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What does the sensory memory do?
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Preserves info about stimulus in original form for brief amount of time
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How long does your short-term memory retain info?
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20 seconds
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How many individual memories does your short-term memory retain?
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5-9.
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Rehearsal?
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repeated verbalizing or thinking about information to obtain
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capacity of long term memory?
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unlimited
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encoding?
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transferring memories from short to long term. often fails us, active decision
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retrieval?
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taking info from long term to short term. demonstrates learning
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how are memories stored? and how does this work?
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semantic networks. concepts are linked together in related ways
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forgetting curve?
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sharp drop in memory immediately after
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decay theory of forgetting?
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memories decay with time
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interference theory of forgetting?
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other info interferes with the info we're trying to remember. eg. sleeping after memorization drills vs. doing other activities
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2 types of interference?
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1. proactive- before learning experience
2. retroactive- after learning experience |
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method of loci
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tag items to particular location
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depth of processing?
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we recall info better if we relate it to personal experience
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hierarchial organization?
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organization improves memory
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context reinstatement?
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easier to recall info if you're in the setting where it was learned
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overlearning?
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sometimes studying even when you already know the material really well actually helps memory
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bilateral medial temporal lobectomy
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hippocampi in both hemispheres cut out. can treat epilepsy. severe anterograde amnesia. also retrograde amnesia.
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2 types of memory?
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explicit- declarative. effort.
implicit- non-declaraive. skills. |
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hippocampus importance?
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memory consolidation. short-term to long-term. explicit, not implicit.
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according to the information processing model, what three things must be done for memory
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1. draws attention
2. is encoded 3. is retrieved |
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iconic memory?
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fleeting sensory memory where an image is remembered for a second
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echoic memory?
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iconic memory except for sounds
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how do we encode verbal information and what are the implications of this?
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acoustic terms (not semantic). therefore we're more likely to confuse words that sound alike than words that have similar meanings
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chunking?
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groups help memory
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working memory?
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aka short term memory. mental workspace for information to be processed. "central executive" processor and 2 storage-and-rehersal systems (auditory and visual)
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serial position curve?
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u-shaped curve. primacy and recency. we remember beginning and end
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elaborative rehersal?
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strategy of remembering that involves thinking about things a certain way and associating it with other knowledge in long term
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procedural memory?
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stored long-term knowledge of learnedhabits and skills
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declarative memory?
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stored long-term knowledge of facts about ourselves and the world
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lexical decision making
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experiment where subjects must decide as quickly as posible whether a string of letters is a word or not
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engram?
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physical memory trace
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principle of encoding specificity?
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any stimulus that is encoded along with an experience can later trigger one's memory of that experience
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3 types of dissociation.
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1. false-fram effect- famous people experiment
2. eyewitness transference- person they see in one situation is "transferred" to another 3. unintentional plagiarism |
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4 reasons people forget?
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1. lack of encoding
2. decay 3. interference 4. repression |
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schema?
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preconceptions about people, places, events, that bias the way info is interpreted and recalled
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misinformation effect?
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tendency to incorporate postevent info into one's memory of event
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autobiographical memory?
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memory about ourselves
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flashbulb memories?
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highly vivid and enduring memories, typically for dramatic and emotional events
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childhood amnesia
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we can't remember anything from before we were 3
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hindsight bias
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we think we always knew things were going to end up the way that they ended up.
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