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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Elements |
Pure substance that consists only of atoms with the same number of protons |
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Atoms |
Smallest unit of an element |
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Periodic table |
Tabular arrangement of all known elements by their atomic number |
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Proton |
Positively charged subatomic particles that occur in the nucleus of all atoms |
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Neutrons |
Uncharged subatomic particles in the atomic nucleus (neutral) |
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Electrons |
Negatively charged subatomic particles |
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Atomic number |
Number of protons |
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Mass number |
Total number of protons plus the total number of neutrons |
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Molecules |
Unfilled shells that are unstable formed by atoms bonding |
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Compounds |
Molecules that consist of two or more different elements (H2O) |
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Mixture |
Elements mix without bonding (sugar and water) |
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Ionic bond |
Type of chemical bonding in which mutual attraction links ions of opposite charge |
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Covalent bonds |
Two atoms share a pair of electrons |
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Hydrogen bonding |
An atom of a molecule interacts with the hydrogen that is already covalently bound (weak bonds that break easily) |
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What does the pH scale measure? |
It measures the number of hydrogen ions in a fluid |
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Acid |
Substance that releases hydrogen ions in water |
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Base |
Substance that accepts hydrogen ions in water |
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Buffer |
Set of chemicals that can keep the pH of a solution stable by alternately donating and excepting ions that contribute to pH |
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Bicarbonate |
Can act like a base by excepting a hydrogen ion. One of the body’s major buffers |
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Carbohydrates |
Made up of C, H, O. Simple sugars, short-chain carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates |
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Simple sugars |
Glucose and fructose sweet tasting, easily dissolved in H2O |
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Short-chain Carbohydrates |
Small number of simple sugars bound together, glucose fructose sucrose |
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Complex carbohydrates |
Straight or branched chains of hundreds and thousands of sugar monomers |
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Starch |
Stored energy in plants such as potatoes |
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Glycogen |
Storage sugars in animals such as in the muscle or a liver |
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Chitin |
Tough exoskeleton in vertebrae‘s |
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Lipids |
Nonpolar hydrocarbons insoluble in H2O most made in fatty acid‘s (Fats, phospholipids, waxes, sterols) |
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Saturated fatty acids |
Saturated chains saturated with hydrogens all single bonds they stack well and they’re solid |
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Unsaturated fatty acids |
Bent chain unsaturated with hydrogen is a double bond is present they don’t stack together mostly liquids and oil |
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Fats |
Fatty acid chains attached to the glycerol |
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Triglycerides |
Most fat in body is stored in adipose tissue moved around body and lipoproteins |
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Lipoprotein |
LDL: associated with diets high in saturated fats HDL: associated with diets low in saturated fats |
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Phospholipids |
Main components of a cell membrane made of fatty acid‘s |
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Waxes |
Fatty acid‘s lead to alcohol or carbon rings (structural and protecting) |
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Sterols |
No fatty acid’s, carbon rings (cell membrane support) |
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Proteins |
Organic molecule that consists of one or more polypeptides Cells makes them and they do all the work Most diverse biological |
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Amino acids |
Small organic compound with an amine group a carboxyl group and a side of chain called the R group that defines the kind of amino acid they are the building blocks of proteins |
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4 levels of protein structure |
Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary |
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Primary |
Strand of amino acid |
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Secondary |
Forms of coils/sheets |
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Tertiary |
Most stable and compact |
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Quarternary |
2 or more subunits combined |
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Nucleotides |
Compromised of a sugar phosphate and a nitrogen containing base. ATP nucleic acid |
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ATP |
Provides energy for cellular metabolism |
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Nucleic acids |
DNA RNA |
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DNA |
Double stranded genetic message |
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RNA |
Single-stranded functions in the assembly of proteins |