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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
When we discuss the interaction of x-rays with matter (body tissue), we
refer to the x-ray ___ striking the patient. a. photon b. proton |
a. photon
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Anytime a repeat radiograph is necessary, the patient dose as well as the potential for operator doses __.
a. decreases b. increases |
b. increases
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The property of x-rays that accounts for their effect on biological systems is that they:
a. have different energies b. have no electric charge c. cause ionization in matter d. travel at the speed of light |
c. cause ionization in matter
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4. Which of the following is an example of a linear, nonthreshold, dose-response relationship (stochastic)?
a. cataracts b. CNS syndrome c. Epilation d. Leukemia |
d. Leukemia
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5. Radiation induced cancer usually exhibits a latent period in excess of :
a. 1 year b. 3 years c. 5 years d. 10 years |
d. 10 years
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6. Approximately how many of a population are likely to die of cancer?
a. 5% b. 10% c. 20% d. 40% |
c. 20%
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7. Which of the following is considered a late radiation response?
a. sterility b. lung cancer c. skin erythema d. hematological depression |
b. lung cancer
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8. The principal hazard for patients and medical xray workers exposed to ionizing radiation is:
a. malignant disease b. cataracts c. congenital abnormalities d. life span shortening |
a. malignant disease
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9. Radiation induced leukemia usually follows a latent period of
a. less than 4 years b. 4 - 7 years c. 8 - 12 years d. more than 12 years |
b. 4 - 7 years
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10. Human responses to radiation exposure that are late effects
a. occur within weeks or months b. required a dose exceeding 25 rad c. are called deterministic d. are called stochastic |
d. are called stochastic
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11. A stochastic effect of radiation exposure
a. Refers to molecular effects b. Requires free radical production c. Occurs when the incidence of response is dose dependent d. Occurs when the severity of response is dose dependent |
c. Occurs when the incidence of response is dose dependent
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12. Which of the following radiation induced effects is stochastic?
a. cataracts b. breast cancer c. skin erythema d. epilation |
b. breast cancer
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13. The best estimate for life span shortening is
a. 0.1 d/rad b. 1.0 d/rad c. 10 d/rad d. 100 d/rad |
c. 10 d/rad
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14. One human response to radiation that can be distinguished from that occurring naturally is
a. Cataracts b. Leukemia c. Breast cancer d. Moist desquamation |
a. Cataracts
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15. The average latent period for radiation induced cataracts is:
a. 5 years b. 15 years c. 20 years d. 25 years |
b. 15 years
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16. Which of the following radiation responses in utero is most likely when exposure occurs during organogenesis?
a. childhood cancer b. congenital abnormalities c. neonatal death d. prenatal death |
b. congenital abnormalities
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17. The principal late effects of low dose radiation over long periods of time are:
a. radiation induced malignancies b. genetic effects c. death d. a and c e. a and b |
e. a and b
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18. Which of the following is not related to skin exposure?
a. erythema b. radiodermatatitis c. desquamation d. ecchymosis |
d. ecchymosis
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19. Which of the following requires two dose levels for determination of a result and uses the unit of cases/106 persons/rad/yr?
a. relative risk b. excess risk c. absolute risk |
c. absolute risk
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20. “That time after irradiation during which one might expect the radiation effect to occur is __”
a. latent period b. manifest period c. dormant period d. at risk period |
d. at risk period
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21. BEIR has determined that less than __ rad/year may not be harmful.
a. 1 b. 3 c. 5 d. 7 |
a. 1
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22. The most pronounced effect of a high dose during the first 2 weeks after fertilization is:
a. Spontaneous abortion b. Malignancy induction c. General impairment of growth d. Genetic effects |
a. Spontaneous abortion
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23. Nuclear medicine studies on pregnant women should be done prior to the __ week of the fetus’ gestation as the thyroid begins to function in the fetus after this time and will “uptake” the radioactive material.
a. 2nd b. 5th c. 8th d. 10th |
d. 10th
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24. The dose of radiation which would produce twice the frequency of genetic mutations as would have been observed without the radiation:
a. Early dose b. Late dose c. Doubling dose d. Inverse dose |
c. Doubling dose
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25. An “all or none” response is related to:
a. irradiation in utero b. irradiation in childhood c. irradiation in adolescence d. irradiation in adulthood |
a. irradiation in utero
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26. The radiation exposures experienced by personnel in diagnostic imaging are low dose and __ LET.
a. high b. low |
b. low
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27. The most radiosensitive period during pregnancy is the:
a. first trimester b. second trimester c. third trimester d. all are equal in radiosensitivity |
a. first trimester
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28. Which of the following is not correct regarding radiation genetics?
a. any dose of radiation to a germ cell results in some genetic risk b. the frequency of radiation induced mutations is indirectly related to dose c. most radiation induced mutations are recessive d. radiation induced mutations may not be expressed for many generations |
b. the frequency of radiation induced mutations is indirectly related to dose
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29. For radiation workers, such as medical imaging personnel, occupational risk may be equated with occupational risk in which of the following?
a. other industries that are generally considered reasonably safe b. somewhat hazardous industries c. hazardous industries d. extremely hazardous industries |
a. other industries that are generally considered
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30. Radiation protection guidelines are based on the late effects of radiation and are described as:
a. linear, threshold dose response relationship b. nonlinear, threshold dose response relationship c. linear, nonthreshold dose response relationship d. nonlinear, nonthreshold dose response relationship |
c. linear, nonthreshold dose response relationship
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