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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Most common cause of neural tube defects |
Folate deficiency |
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Most common preventable cause of congenital malformations in the US |
Alcohol use during pregnancy |
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Zellweger syndrome |
Autosomal recessive disorder of peroxisome biogenesis due to mutated PEX gene. Hypotonia, seizures, hepatomegaly, early death |
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Refsum disease |
Autosomal recessive disorder of alpha-oxidation->phytanic acid not metabolised to pristanic acid. Scaly skin, ataxia, cataracts, shortening of 4th toe |
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Adrenoleukodystrophy |
X- linked recessive disorder of Beta-oxidation->VLCFA build in adrenal glands, white matter in brain,testes. Progressive disease that can lead to adrenal gland crisis, coma, and death |
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Acute Inflammation mediators |
IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha |
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Inflammasome |
Cytoplasmic protein complex that recognizes products of dead cells, microbial products and crystals ( eg uric acid) -> activation of IL-1 and inflammatory response |
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Hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation |
Marfan sydrome |
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Hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss |
Alport Syndrome |
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Worst headache of my life |
Subarachnoid hemorrhage |
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Lucid interval following head trauma |
Epidural hematoma |
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Bloody CSF on LP |
Subarachnoid hemorrhage |
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Most common cause of epidural hematoma |
Rupture of the MMA |
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Most common cause of subdural hematoma |
Rupture of bridging veins |
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Most common cause of dementia |
Alzheimer |
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Second most common cause of dementia |
Vascular dementia |
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Extracellular amyloid deposits in the grey matter |
Senile plaques ( Alzheimer) |
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Intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein |
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer) |
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Intracellular spherical aggregates of tau protein seen on silver stain |
Pick bodies (Frontotemporal Disease) |
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Bone enlargement, bone pain, arthritis |
Paget disease of bone |
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Vertebral compression fractures |
Osteoporosis |
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Positive anterior drawer sign |
ACL injury |
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Tenderness in anatomical snuffbox |
Scaphoid fracture |
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Swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint |
Gout |
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Positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals |
Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease |
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Negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals |
Gout |
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Bamboo spine on x-ray |
Ankylosing spondylitis |
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HLA-B27 |
Seronegative spondyloarthritis |
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Pencil in cup deformity on DIP in X-ray |
Psoriatic arthritis |
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Main artery of pelvis |
Internal iliac artery |
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Main nerve of the pelvis |
Pudendal nerve |
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"Bag of worms" scrotum |
Varicocele |
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Keratin pearls on skin biopsy |
Squamous cell carcinoma |
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Most common malignant skin tumor |
Basal cell carcinoma |
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Bounding pulses, head bobbing, diastolic murmur |
Aortic regurgitation |
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Continuous, machine like murmur |
Patent Ductus Arteriosus |
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Anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA antibodies |
SLE |
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Anti-histone antibodies |
SLE |
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Anti-centromere antibodies |
CREST scleroderma |
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Anti-toipomerase antibodies |
Diffuse scleroderma |
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Anti-Jo-1 antibodies |
Polymyositis/ Dermatomyositis |
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Anti-Ro antibodies |
Sjogren syndrome |
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Arthritis, dry mouth, dry eyes |
Sjogren syndrome |
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Most common cause of death in SLE |
Cardiovascular disease |
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Keratin pearls on skin biopsy |
Squamous cell carcinoma (Skin) |
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Most common malignant skin tumor |
Basal cell carcinoma |
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Main artery of the pelvis |
Internal iliac artery |
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Main nerve of the pelvis |
Pudendal nerve |
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Bag of worms scrotum |
Varicocele |
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Most common cancer in men |
Prostate adenocarcinoma |
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Most common cause of urinary obstruction |
BPH |
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Most common treatment of ED |
PDE-5 Inhibitors (Sildenafil) |
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Hepatic adenoma |
OCP use |