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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How many steps are in the Engineering Design Process |
7 |
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What is the first step in the Engineering Process? |
Identify the problem or need |
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What is the second step in the Engineering Process? |
Research the problem or need |
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What is the third step in the Engineering Process? |
Develop possible solutions |
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What is the fourth step in the Engineering Process? |
Select the best possible solutions |
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What is the fifth step in the Engineering Process? |
Construct a prototype |
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What is the sixth step in the Engineering Process? |
Test and evaluate the solution |
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What is the seventh step in the Engineering Process? |
Communicate the solution and Redesign |
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What are the types of waves? |
Transverse waves, Longitudinal waves, Electromagnetic waves, Mechanical waves |
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What is a Transverse Wave? |
A transverse wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction perpendicular to the direction that the wave moves. Suppose that a slinky is stretched out in a horizontal direction across the classroom and that a pulse is introduced into the slinky on the left end by vibrating the first coil up and down. |
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Types of Transverse Waves |
Electromagnetic Waves - Ex. Radio waves, light waves, thermal radiation, X ray etc. Polarized Waves - property of waves that can move back and forth in the same speed with more than one orientation. Ex. when you move your hand in a circular fashion you can get a circular polarized wave. |
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How are the Transverse Waves formed? |
May occur on the string, on the surface of a liquid or solid |
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What is a Longitudinal Wave? |
Longitudinal waves, also known as "l waves", are waves in which the displacement of the medium is in the same direction as, or the opposite direction to, the direction of travel of the wave. It could be compared to a “slinky” |
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Types of Longitudinal Waves |
Sound Waves: For sound waves, the amplitude of the wave is the difference between the pressure of the undisturbed air and the maximum pressure caused by the wave. Sound's propagation speed depends on the type, temperature, and composition of the medium through which it propagates. Pressure Waves: In an elastic medium with rigidity, a harmonic pressure wave that goes back and forth has the form. |
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How are the Longitudinal Waves formed? |
The particles move left and right which in turn makes the other particles start to move back and forth |
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What is an Electromagnetic wave? |
Electromagnetic waves are waves that consist of vibrating electric and magnetic fields. The transfer of energy of electromagnetic waves is called electromagnetic radiation. These electromagnetic waves also transfer energy across the empty space. |
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Types of Electromagnetic Waves? |
One of the most common examples of electromagnetic waves is static. another day to day object that has electromagnetic waves is magnets. There are many more that we have not discussed, but these are the most common. |
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How are Electromagnetic Waves formed? |
Electromagnetic waves are created when particles that are electrically charged begin to vibrate. They can be present in accelerating changes; moving charges back and forth will produce oscillating electric and magnetic fields, and these travel at the speed of light |
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What are mechanical waves? |
A mechanical wave is a wave that is not capable of transmitting its energy through a vacuum. They require a mediumThe medium: The intervening substance through which impressions are conveyed to the senses or a force acts on objects at a distance. |
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Types of mechanical waves |
Sounds waves Ocean waves Slinky waves Seismic waves Jump rope waves Stadium waves |
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How are mechanical waves formed? |
Produced when some kind of energy moves a substance, a material or a liquid and then transport this energy, which then turns into mechanical waves. Can be produced only in media which possesses elasticity and inertia. Can be produced by: Voice Currents Wind Earthquakes Movement |
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Why does the ocean have waves? |
The ocean is never still. Waves are created by energy passing through water, causing it to move in a circular motion. However, water does not actually travel in waves. Waves transmit energy.Waves are most commonly caused by wind. As wind blows across the surface of the ocean or a lake, the continual disturbance creates a wave crest. |
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Were are the Galápagos Islands |
The Galapagos Islands are located in the Pacific Ocean. The coordinates are (0°40′S 90°33′W) Total Islands: 19 Highest point is the volcán wolf It is Part of Ecuador Capital City: Puerto Baquerizo Moreno |
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Major Islands of the Galápagos |
Baltra Island Bartolome Island Española Island Fernandina Island Floreana Island Genovesa Island Isabela Island Marchena Island Seymour Norte Island Pinzon Island Pinta Island Rabida Island San Cristobal Island Santa Cruz Island Santa Fe Island Santiago Island |
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How old are the Galápagos Islands |
The oldest islands in the Galapagos are South Plaza of 4.2 million years and Española of 3.2 million years. These dates correspond to when the island first surfaced above sea level. The submerged island bases could be up to fifteen million years old, Miocene geologic time. |
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Climate in Galápagos Islands |
Its climate is mostly determined by the ocean currents, that are mostly influenced by the wind that pushes them. |
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Currents that hit the Galápagos Islands |
Peruvian/Humboldt Current Cromwell current/Equatorial Countercurrent Panama Current |
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What is the Peruvian/Humboldt Current? |
The galapagos is mostly cooled by the peruvian current also known as the Humboldt current. The Humboldt current is mostly swept northwards from the Antarctic. This current has a temperature of about 15ºC. Its cold water cools the air above them, which produces a temperature inversion. |
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What is the Cromwell current/Equatorial Countercurrent? |
The cold Cromwell current also known as the Equatorial Countercurrent is also very important for the Galapagos Island. This is also the principal reason for the unusual appearance of marine environment around it. |
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What is the Panama Current? |
It flows through the Galapagos in November. In this current the water is warmer and replaces the cold water from the Humboldt current. The water of the Panama current is not as rich as the Humboldt current therefore it makes the water clearer. |
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How many Volcanoes are in the Galápagos Islands |
There are about 12 volcanoes in the Galapagos Islands |
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Which are some if the Volcanoes in the Galápagos Islands |
Pinta Volcano Marchena Volcano Wolf Volcano Ecuador Volcano Darwin Volcano Santiago Volcano Fernandina Volcano Cerro Azul Volcano |
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What do you think would be the hardest part or parts of planning a mission toMars? Explain why you think these items will be so difficult.
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Some ofthe hardest things to do when you are planning to go to space, it building the shipbecause it costs an lot of money, and the measurments, and calculating that the shipwont go down and crash in mid air. I think it is also hard since you never know if theship will malfunction and be stuck in mars |
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Define what you think a “good” mission to Mars would be and what the importantelements of the mission during the planning are. |
A good mission to mars would be a mission in which the ship is wellconstructed, and it will resist the environment of mars.A good mission would be a mission in which the astronauts are wellprepared mentally and physically, for any occasion. A mission that has goodresources, both for investigation, and for food to the people. |
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Do scientists and engineers get everything they need and/or want when they areplanning their missions? |
No, they don't get everything they want because there is always a limit to buildinganything, and especially a mission that consumes a lot of NASA's money. They get some of the things they want or need but there is always a point in whichthe budget is too high. |
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State Newton’s first law of motion |
An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless it is acted on by an unbalanced force. |
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You don’t need to push off with a foot against the ground to start a skateboard rolling down a bank. Does this violate Newton’s first law of motion? Why or why not? |
No, because the skateboard was already moving |
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What is inertia? Why is Newton’s first law of motion also called the law of inertia? |
Inertia is a property of matter by which it continues in its existing state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line, unless that state is changed by an external force. i think it is also called the law of inertia because they are basically the same thing. |
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How is mass related to inertia? |
Mass is the quantity that depends on the inertia of an object. The more inertia that an object has, the more mass that it has. An object with more mass will have the tendency to resist changes in their state of motion. |
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State Newton’s third law of motion. |
Every action has an opposite and equal reaction. |
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Describe an example of an action and reaction. Identify the forces and their directions. |
When you are pushing something heavy, you are pushing backwards and the heavy thing is moving forward. |
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Define momentum |
Momentum is a property of a moving object that makes it hard to stop.The more mass it has or the faster it’s moving, the greater its momentum. Momentum equals mass times velocity |
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What is the equation for momentum? |
Momentum = Mass × Velocity |
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What is the law of conservation of momentum? |
For a collision occurring between object 1 and object 2 in an isolated system, the total momentum of the two objects before the collision is equal to the total momentum of the two objects after the collision. |
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What is velocity? |
Velocity is a measure of both speed and direction of motion. Velocity is a vector, which is a measurement that includes both size and direction. |
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How does velocity differ from speed? Why is velocity a vector? |
Speed, being a scalar quantity, is the rate at which an object covers distance. The average speed is the distance (a scalar quantity) per time ratio. Speed is ignorant of direction. On the other hand, velocity is a vector quantity; it is direction-aware. |
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Explain how an arrow can be used to represent velocity. |
Velocity can be represented by an arrow, with the length of the arrow representing speed and the way the arrow points representing direction. |
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Define acceleration |
Acceleration is a measure of the change in velocity of a moving object. It measures the rate at which the change is occurring. It may reflect a change in speed, a change in direction, or both. Like velocity, acceleration is a vector. |
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What is a vector? |
a quantity having direction as well as magnitude, especially as determining the position of one point in space relative to another. |
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Why is Galapagos so visited? |
The galapagos islands is very visited by people outside of Ecuador because it has a very big variety of animals, and you can do many things. Some of the things you can do are swimming with sharks, visiting natural reserves and probably learn a lot from all of the animals, and cultural aspects of the galapagos aspects. |
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Environmental Issues in Galapagos |
There are large amounts of environmental problems regarding the galapagos islands, some originating from the world climate changes such as El Niño , others arising from commercial fishing, and overpopulation, and many resulting from the tourism, this is because people visit Galapagos and often just throw things in the ground, or get things dirty over all. |
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Pros of toursim |
👍The abundance of animal, plant and marine life and the proximity of them to humans. I don't think you can get like this with animals and marine creatures anywhere else in the world and they are not scared of us at all.So the best part of the galapagos is that the animals are approachable. |
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Cons of toursim |
👎People outside from ecuador have to pay a big quantity of money for traveling to the galapagos islands.Tourism can negatively affect animals since they are not completely free, and the environment gets a little contaminated by some people. |
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What is the Frigate Bird? |
The frigate bird is a family of seabirds that consists of five species. These five species are classified under the Genus Fregata. This family of birds is distinguished by the male's’ red pouch, which is used to attract females. |
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Members of the Fregata Family |
Magnificent frigatebird (Fregata magnificens) Ascension frigatebird (Fregata aquila) Christmas frigatebird (Fregata andrewsi) Great frigatebird (Fregata minor) Lesser frigatebird (Fregata ariel) |
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Magnificent Frigatebird |
This species is the one that can be found in the Galapagos Islands. They are the biggest of the frigatebird family and can also be found in the Cape Verde islands in the Atlantic. Length: 89-114 cm Wingspan: 217-244 cm |
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What is the Blue footed booby? |
The blue footed booby is a marine bird that mainly lives in the Galapagos. This bird is named after its blue feet (which is a sexually selected trait) and dines only on fish. Finally the blue footed booby can lay 1-3 eggs at a time. |
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Where can you find the blue footed boobies? |
The blue footed boobies lives along the continental coast of the eastern pacific ocean all the way from California, to Peru, and the Galapagos islands, however they are mostly in the Galapagos Islands. |
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The color of the feat |
The blue footed boobies change their color of the foot to a more intense blue when they want to mate because the color of the foot attracts the females and the females like the turquoise-like color. Also, the red footed boobies are found in only specific locations in the Galapagos Islands. |
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Background information on the blue footed booby |
Blue footed boobies dine only on fish Measurements for both sexes: Length: 90 cm Wingspan: 62.2 cm However, the females are bigger than the male blue footed boobies. |
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Who was Charles Darwin |
Born in Shrewsbury, February 12, 1809 Died in Downe, April 19, 1882 Spouse: Emma Darwin Had 10 childrens English Naturalist & Geologist Best known for his contribution to the evolution theory |
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What discoveries did Charles Darwin |
Didn’t create any inventions Developed & Proposed the theory of evolution When in Galapagos, he discovered 14 different species of finch. Each had different beaks. He established that species descended over time from common ancestors |
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How could you use the Engineering Process to solve this problem about waves; How could you track the amount of trash that has traveled from the coast of California, to the coast of Japan, to see how you could clean up the ocean? |
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How could you use the Engineering Process to solve this problem about the Galapagos Islands; what could you do to create more tourism in the Galapagos Islands and attract more tourists? |
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How could you use the Engineering Process to solve this problem about a mission to mars; How could you create a spaceship in which you could land and record data about the changes of Mars, that would not exceed a budget of $196 billion? |
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