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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Physical Properties
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Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
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Particle theory of matter
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• all matter is made up of tiny particles• each pure substance has its own kind of particle which is different from the particles of other pure substances • attract each other• always movingMove faster at a higher temperature
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Pure Substance
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One kind of particle
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Mixture
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More than one kind of particle
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Conductor
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Allows the movement of electrons
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Insulator
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Does not let the electrons flow through it easily
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Astronomical Distance
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Distance between Earth and the sun
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Types of energy
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Light heat sound
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Static electricity
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Imbalance of electrons on a surface
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Fertilizers
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replace lost nutrients on farmland
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Pesticides
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Poisons that kill pests
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Solution
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Uniform mixture which seems like there's only one substance
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Mechanical mixture
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Mixture is distinctive
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Isotope
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Form of an element that has same number of protons as the other atoms of that element but a different number of neutrons.
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Physical property
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Characteristic of a substance that can be observed and measured without changing the identity of the substance
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Qualitative
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Observed and described without measurement
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Quantitative
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Measured and described by a particular value
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Chemical property
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Describe the ability of a substance to react with another substance to form one or more new substances
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Ion
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Positive or negatively charged atoms or molecules to form when atoms lose or gain electrons
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induced charge seperation |
a shift in the position of electrons in a neutral object that occurs when a charged object is brought near it.
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static discharge |
he sudden flow of electricity between two electrically charged objects caused by contact, an electrical short, or dielectric breakdown.
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AC |
alternating current |
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DC |
direct current |
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stars |
a fixed luminous point in the night sky that is a large, remote incandescent body like the sun. |
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planets |
a celestial body moving in an elliptical orbit around a star. |
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dwarf planets |
a celestial body resembling a small planet but lacking certain technical criteria that are required for it to be classed as such. |
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moons |
he natural satellite of the earth, visible (chiefly at night) by reflected light from the sun. |
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asteroids |
a small rocky body orbiting the sun |
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meteoroids |
a small body moving in the solar system that would become a meteor if it entered the earth's atmosphere. |
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comets |
a celestial object consisting of a nucleus of ice and dust and, when near the sun, a “tail” of gas and dust particles pointing away from the sun. |
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solar systems |
he collection of eight planets and their moons in orbit around the sun, together with smaller bodies in the form of asteroids, meteoroids, and comets. |
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galexies |
a system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational attraction. |
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universe |
all existing matter and space considered as a whole; the cosmos |
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asteroid belts |
a region of space between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter where most of the asteroids in our Solar System are found orbiting the Sun. |
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natural satellites |
any celestial body in space that orbits around a larger body. |
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artificial satellites |
an artificial body placed in orbit around the earth or moon or another planet in order to collect information or for communication. |
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species richness |
the number of different species represented in an ecological community, landscape or region. |
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biodiversity |
the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem. |
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eutrophic |
rich in nutrients and so supporting a dense plant population, the decomposition of which kills animal life by depriving it of oxygen. |
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oligotrophic |
relatively low in plant nutrients and containing abundant oxygen in the deeper parts. |
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biomass |
the total mass of organisms in a given area or volume |
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autotroph |
a producer |
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molecular element |
two or more atoms are bound and can exists independently and still retain the properties of that substance. |
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molecular compound |
as a compoundwhere the atoms share electrons through covalent bonds. |
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covalent bond |
a chemicalbond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. |