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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Lack of Factor VIII-R causes what?
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Von Willebrand Disease:
aPTT prolonged & bleeding time prolonged |
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What is spherocytosis?
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autosomal dominant
defective spectrin splenomegaly |
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What are the immune mediated hemolytic anemias?
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warm antibodies (IgG)- drugs, malignancies, SLE
cold antibodies (IgM)- mycoplasma pneumonia, mononucleosis, lymphoma |
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What are the key features of aplastic anemia?
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bone marrow failure due to viral infxns, toxins, drugs (alkylating agents/chloramphenicol)
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Plummer-Vinson
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1. anemia
2. atrophic glossitis 3. esophageal glossitis |
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Fanconi Anemia
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autosomal recessive
1. hypoplastic thumbs 2. absent radii 3. aplastic anemia |
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In what ds do you find Howell-Jolly bodies?
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post splenectomy
(nuclear fragments) |
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Where do you find Pappenheimer bodies?
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iron overload (siderocytes)
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Causes of drug-induced neutropenia
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1. alkylating agents
2. chloramphenicol 3. chlorpromazine 4. sulfonamides 5. phenylbutazone |
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What are the characteristics of hairy cell leukemia?
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hepatomegaly
splenomegaly poor prognosis pancytopenia TRAP |
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What are the subtypes of Hodgkin Lymphomas associated w/ poor prognosis and many Reed Sternberg cells?
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mixed cellularity
lymphocyte depletion |
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What are 3 types of plasma cell neoplasms?
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1. monoclonal gammopathy- IgG or IgA
2. multiple myeloma- IgG or IgA 3. Waldenstrom's- always IgM |
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What are the key features of Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis?
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media calcific stenosis
"gooseneck" lumps" small/ medium size arteries asymptomatic |
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What are the five main steps of atherosclerosis?
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1. injury of vascular endothelium
2. lipids & platelets adhere to damaged surface 3. leukocytes /platelets release growth factors--smooth muscle proliferation 4. macrophages become foam cells 5. foam cells aggreagate to "fatty streaks", the beginning formation of an atherosclerotic plaque |
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What is Wegener's arteritis?
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upper respiratory vasculitis
lower respiratory vasculitis glomerulonephritis |
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What are the key features of syphilitic aneurysm?
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saccular
ascending aorta a/w aortic insufficiency |
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Describe what mitral regurgitation occurs and sounds like
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Occurs in: MI (papillary muscle), acute rheumatic fever, endocarditis
Sounds like: holosystolic murmur, transmitted to axilla |
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What types of congenital heart defects are found in cyanotic R to L shunts?
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1. Fallot's tetrology
2. transposition of great vessels 3. persistant truncus arteriosus Eisenmenger: reversal of L to R shunt due to pulmonary HTN |
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Name the four features of tetrology of fallot
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1. pulmonary artery stenosis
2. R ventricular hypertrophy 3. overriding aorta 4. ventricular septal defect |
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What are the signs and treatment of Prinzmetal's angina?
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1. occurs at rest
2. ST elevated TX: Ca2+ antagonists |
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How long does it take an MI to heal?
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8 weeks; microscopic scar and gross firm and grey scar
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What are the signs and symptoms of Right Heart Failure?
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1. Left sided heart failure
2. lung ds 3. primary pulmonary HTN consequences: 1. increased venous pressure -edema -liver congestion (nutmeg liver) -ascites |
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Name two types of non-infective endocarditis
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1. marantic: a/w chronic illnesses; thrombotic
2. Libman Sacks: SLE; verrucous lesions of both sides of valve leaflets |
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What are the 3 types of pericarditis?
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1. fibrinous
2. serous 3. suppurative |
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What are the major Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever?
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1. polyarthritis
2. erythema 3. subcutaneous nodules 4. chorea 5. carditis |
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What are the key features of bronchiectasis?
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result of chronic infxns &
Kartagener's-- immotile cilia |
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What is the REID index?
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Glands (B) / Wall (A)
ratio btw thickness of submucosal mucous secreting glands & wall thickness btw epithelium & cartilage of bronchi |