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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is tapping of the bodys surface to produce vibration and sound? |
Percussion |
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Percussion sound reflects what? |
The density of underlying tissue and size and position of organs |
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Percussion is most commonly used on the |
thorax for examining th heart and lungs. |
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Percussion is also helps determine if a tissue |
is fluid-filled, air-filled, or solid |
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Thoracic percussion in the standing restraint can be used to detect ?, which is found in? |
a fluid line hydrothorax |
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Percussion ventral to a fluid line produces a |
dull thud |
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Percussion dorsal to the fluid line produces a |
resonant or hyperresonant sound |
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A structure being palpated that is referred to as being fluctuant means |
Soft, Elastic , Undulant, as with a cyst or abscess |
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Dullness sounds like ? & Is produced by? |
Thudlike Encapsulated tissue |
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Resonance sounds like? & Is produced by? |
Hollow Airfilled lungs |
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Flatness sounds like? & Is produced by? |
Extremely dull Very dense tissue like muscle or bone |
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The stethoscope allows for Auscultation of specific areas within the body cavity for assessment of the |
cardiovascular, respiratory, ad gastrointestinal systems |
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The patients attentiveness or reaction to ots environment provides a basis to evaluate the |
degree of consciousness, depression, excitement, or overreaction to stimuli. |
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What is depressed |
patient os conscious but slow to respond to stimuli |
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What is coma |
unconscious patient that does not respond to any stimuli. Worst prognosis |
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What do the vital signs include? |
Respiratory rate and effort, Heart rate rhythm, and indications of perfusion |
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Changes in any vital signs can warn the medical teAm of |
impending complications |
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The initial vital signs are used as the baseline and |
Subsequent findings help establish trends indicating improvements or deterioration |
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vital signs should be evaluated in relation to the |
Presenting complaint , history, and current health status |
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Changes in what can be significant. |
Behavior, response to stimuli or posture |
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Unconscious patients can be tested by __ to detect there response to this painful stimuli |
toe pinching |
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any decline in the level of consciousness suggests |
Worsening pathologic changes and warrants immediate neurologic examination and medical or surgical intervention. |
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dilated or midrange fixed pupils are most commonly related to |
Midbrain injury and are a grave sign |
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Eye position is noted, with ventral or lateral Stanislaus indicating |
A midbrain lesion |
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What is stabismus |
Crossed eyes |
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Nystagmus is caused by a |
Vestibular problem, either in the inner ear or within the brainstem, |
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What should you wear when giving a medicated bath? |
Exam gloves |
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What kind of administration of medications can also be effectively achieved in the feline patients |
burial or transmucosal |
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Who should you not give phosphate enemas to? |
Cats and small dogs |
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Fluids are not readily absorbed when injected SQ in |
Severely dehydrated, debilitated, or patients with poor perfusion or shock so you should use IV |
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Dry coarse sounds on inspiration and expiration suggests |
Fibrosis of the lung |
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Absence of lung sounds indicates |
Interruption of sound transmission by air or fluid in the pleural space |
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What is the first subtle sign of respiratory distress? |
Increased respiratory rate |
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Normal respiratory rates are |
8-30 |
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What are some potential causes for a decreased respiratory rate? |
Trauma to the brain or spinal cord Diseases affecting respiratory drive Cops Drugs |
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Possible causes for increased respiratory rates? |
Midbrain lesion Fever Pain Anxiety Trauma to the brain or chest |
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When ECG has a P WAVE associated with most QRS complexes and the QRS are normal width, the rhythm is termed as |
Supraventricular |
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What is a sinus arrhythmia? |
Fluctuation of heart rate with respiration, Decreasing with expiration and increasing with inspiration, this is normal in dogs |
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What anatomic site of disease causes strider (loud breathing heard without stethoscope)??? |
Upper airway (nasal passages, Layrnx/ Phalanx, trachea) |
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What reflects perfusion of blood flow to peripheral tissues? |
Mucous membrane,color, capillary refill time, pulse strength and quality, and body temperature |
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Blood pumped into the aorta during. Ventricular contraction creates a fluid wave that travels from the heart to the peripheral arteries is called |
A pulse |
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Evaluation of pulse strength is based on the difference between the __ & __ pressure, called the _____. |
Systolic (heart contracting) Diastolic (heart filling) Pulse pressure |
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With normal pulse pressure , the pulse is easily palpated and strong, when the difference is great, the pulse is |
Bounding |
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Causes of a bounding pulse include |
Fever, hyperthyroidism, patent ducts arteriousus, and early shock. |
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When the difference is small or the time to maximum systolic pressure is prolonged , |
The pulse feels weak |
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Any condition that decreases cardiac output causes |
A weak pulse |
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Normal capillary refill time us |
1-2 seconds |
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A prolonged capillary refill time suggests |
Poor peripheral perfusion (Late shock, severe vasodilation or vasoconstriction, primordial effusion, heart failure) More than 2 seconds |
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A short capillary refill time is ? And can be related to |
Less than one second. It can be related to anxiety, compensatory shock, fever, and pain |
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Cerebral vasoconstriction and brain hypoxia can develop if the |
Blood carbon dioxide levels fall too love from hyperventilating. |
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Damage to vascular cells can lead to |
Disseminated intraocular coagulation, slouching of the gastrointestinal mucosa, bacterial translocation and hypovolemia |
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What sounds are produced by movement of air through the trachea and large bronchi |
bronchial sounds |
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Where are bronchial sounds heard? |
Trachea and cardinal most noticeably during expiration. |
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Abnormal lung sounds include |
Crackles, tales, where's,dull lung sounds,muffled lung sounds |
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Cause of crackles. |
Caused by air movement through small airways within the lumen reduced by fluid, mucus, or thickened walls. Mostly heard in conditions such as pulmonary edema, bronchopneumonia, and pulmonary fibrosis |
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What causes wheezes. |
High-pitched, musical sounds heard mostly on expiration. Associated with infectious or allergic bronchitis |
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Hypothermia may occur with |
Infection, sepsis, toxicity, inflammation,brain lesions, or tumors, heat stroke, seizures, stress and excitation |
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Murmurs are caused by |
Turbulence disturbing, the normal laminar flow of blood |
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Assessment of the nervous system should always start with |
Mentation |
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Paradoxical movements may indicate |
Diaphragmatic hernia or neurological conditions |
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Abdominal components can indicate |
Pleural complications, neurological compromise, trauma, or chest wall trauma |