Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
social class
|
Weber defined this as a large group of people who rank closely to one another in property, prestige, and power
|
|
property
|
comes in many forms, such as buildings, land, animals, machinery, cars, stocks, bonds
|
|
wealth
|
when you add up the value of someone's property and subtract that person's debts
|
|
income
|
the flow of money
can come from a number of sources: usually a business or wages, but also from rent, interest, or royalties |
|
power
|
Mills insisted that power was the ability to carry out your will despite resistance-was concentrated in the hands of the few, for his ideology contradicted the ideology of equality
|
|
power elite
|
Mills referred to those who make the big decisions in U.S. society
|
|
prestige
|
respect or regard
|
|
status consistent
|
a person is similar in rank on all three dimensions of social class: property, prestige, and power
|
|
status inconsistency
|
someone has a mixture of high and low ranks
|
|
status
|
our social ranking
|
|
contradictory class locations
|
Wright suggested that some people are member of more than one class at the same time
-a person's position in the class structure can generate contradictory interests |
|
What are the classes that Wright identifies?
|
1. capitalists: business owners who employ many workers
2. petty bourgeoisie: small business owners 3. managers: who sell their own labor but also exercise authority over other employees 4. workers: simply see their labor to others |
|
Capitalist Class
|
-can be divided into "old" and "new" money
-1% of population |
|
Upper Middle Class
|
-one most shaped by education
|
|
Lower Middle Class
|
-have jobs that call for them to follow orders given by those who have upper-middle-class credentials
-although they feel threatened by taxes and inflation, they enjoy a comfortable lifestyle |
|
Working Class
|
-have less education and lower incomes
-jobs are less secure, more routine, and more closely supervised |
|
Working Poor
|
-work at unskilled, low paying jobs
|
|
Underclass
|
next to no chance of climbing anywhere
-little or no connection to the job market |
|
Intergenerational mobility
|
refers to a change that occurs between generations-when grown-up children end up on a different rung of the social class ladder than the one occupied by their parents
|
|
downward social mobility
|
the child fails
|
|
upward social mobility
|
if the child does well
|
|
structural mobility
|
refers to changes in society that cause large numbers of people to move up or down the class ladder
|
|
exchange mobility
|
occurs when large numbers of people move up and down the social class ladder but, on balance, the proportions of the social classes remain about the same
|
|
poverty line
|
-to determine who is poor, the U.S. set up a poverty line, when poor people were thought to spend 1/3 of their income on food
|
|
feminization of poverty
|
with our high rate of divorce, combined with more births to single women, the number of mother-headed families has increased over the years
|
|
culture of poverty
|
they assume that the values and behaviors of the poor "make them fundamentally different from other Americans, and that these factors are largely responsible for their continued long-term poverty."
|
|
exchange poverty
|
the people who move out of poverty are replaced by people who move into poverty
|
|
the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
|
manufactured in 1996, requires sates to place a lifetime cap on welfare assistance and compels welfare recipients to look for work and to take available jobs
|
|
Why are people poor?
|
-features of society deny some people access to education or learning job skills
-characteristics of the individuals |
|
Horatio Alger myth
|
the rags-to-riches exploits of fictional boy heroes
-it encourages people to compete for higher positions, but places blame for failure on the individual |