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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Social Psychology |
The scientific study of feelings, thoughts, & behaviors in social situations. |
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Intrinsic Motivation |
Something you personally want. |
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Extrinsic Motivation |
External motivation for behavior. |
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Reactance |
When extrinsic motivation backfires and has negative consequences. |
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Emergent property |
Simple parts create a better functioning, more complex whole. |
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Belonging, Understanding, Status |
The core motives |
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Belonging |
The powerful need to feel connected to those around you. |
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Understanding |
The powerful need to understand the nature of reality. The choice between accuracy and speed is made multiple times each day. |
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Shared Understanding |
Looking to others with the hope to learn more information when we do not have the time or resources to figure out for ourselves. |
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Status |
The powerful need to achieve and maintain high social standing. |
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Affordances |
Opportunities to satisfy motivations. |
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Construals |
How we interpret a situation. |
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Channel Factor |
A subtle thing about a situation that has a big impact on a behavior. |
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The problem of big numbers. Bias in publishing. Publication pressure |
The crisis in social psych |
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Conformity |
Whens someone changes their feelings, opinions, or behaviors in response to social situations. |
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Normative influence |
Conforming to meet the expectations of others. |
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Informational influence |
Conforming because others are a good source of information. |
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Reality constraints |
People do not conform once the normative influence violates reality. |
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Cultural influence |
Even after the direct source of normative influence is gone, the influence lingers and people still conform. |
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Informational cascades |
When a person observes the behavior of another person and in turn, takes part in that same behavior.In |
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Informational influence |
The primary force in uncertain environments. |
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Expertise & perceptions of bias |
Conformity reducing factors |
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Obedience |
Conformity that occurs in unequal power relationships |
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Reward, coercive, legitimate, reference, & expert |
The 5 sources of power. |
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Permeability/imperiability |
If you feel you cannot leave your low status group, you will begin to identify with them. This leads to collective action. |
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Ethos |
Credibility of the persuader |
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Pathos |
Emotional appeal of the persuader |
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Logos |
Logic of the argument made by the persuader |
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Persuasion |
The process by which we active;y try to change someones attitude; with the hope to indirectly influence behavior. |
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Attitude |
A positive or negative evaluation of something. |
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Affect |
Element of attitude: Positive or negative emotional response. |
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Cognitions |
Element of attitude: Knowledge/beliefs about an object. |
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Behavioral readiness |
Element of attitude: A preparedness to react to a situation. |
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Prospect Theory |
Losses and gains are valued differently so individuals make decisions based on potential gains. |
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Utilitarianism, Ego-Defensive, Value Expressive, Knowledge |
4 Functions of Attitude |
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Utilitarianism |
Attitudes guide our behaviors. |
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Ego-Defensive |
Protect our sense of security and sense of self. Allows us to feel we understand the world. |
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Value Expressive |
Helps us express our identity. |
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Knowledge |
Helps us to organize our understanding and shape our opinions and understanding. |
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Valence |
Measuring attitudes: How much do you dislike (insert thing). |
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Strength |
Measuring attitudes: Those who are certain about an attitude and van readily express it. |
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Systematic Model/Central Route |
Persuasion through the quality of an argument. Most effective when an issue is personally relevant. Results in strong attitudes. |
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Heuristic Model/Peripheral Route |
Persuasion through alternate routes, source characteristics. Most effective if the issue isn't personally relevant. Results in weak attitudes that can be changed. |
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Issue is relevant Informed about the topic Willing to learn Personally responsible |
Central Route important factors |
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Issue is not relevant Expertise of source Distracted or fatigued Not willing to learn |
Peripheral Route important factors |
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System 1 |
Quick, un-rational decisions. |
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System 2 |
Well thought out, rational decisions. |
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Source Factors |
Factors that affect persuasion |
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Attractiveness |
Source Factor: The physical appearance of the person trying t persuade you. |
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Credibility |
Source Factors: How credible the person trying to persuade you is when it comes to this specific subject. |
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The Sleeper Effect |
Often receive information from unreliable sources and dismiss it, but after time it shifts your attitude. |
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Vividness |
Source Factors: Stories about real people resonate more. |
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Fear |
Source Factors: Scaring people can possibly change their attitude. |
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Social cognition |
The study of the information processes by which we make sense of other people and ourselves. How we acquire, construe, and remember information. How we use this information to make judgments. |
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The Confirmation Bias |
The tendency to test a proposition by searching for evidence that supports other than opposes. |
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Selective memory |
We don't necessarily have better memory for what we expect. Surprises and unexpected things are remembered easier and better. |
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Heuristics |
Quick, "rule-of-thumb" metal operations that allow for efficient judgements. |
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Representativeness Heuristic |
Occurs when judgments are likelihood are baed off of similarity of exemplars to a category. |
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Base-rate Fallacy |
How big is the category? |
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Regression to the mean |
If you perform/do something far from the mean, the next time you do that same thing it will be closer to the mean. |
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Perceptions of chance |
What we perceive as "random" and a true representation of chance are actually not accurate. |
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Groupthink |
The mode of thinking a person engages in when concurrence seeking becomes so dominant in a cohesive group it overrides realistic appraisal of other courses of action. |
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The Attribution Process |
1) The consistency of the actor's behavior. 2) Consensus of this type of behavior. 3) Are they the only people who act this way; are they distinct in this action? |
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The Contrast Effect |
Using "decoys" to make another option look better or more valuable. |
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Framing |
Whether a problem or decision is portrayed in a way that will make it appear to have potential for a loss or gain. |
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Dilution Effect |
The tendency of neutral or irrelevant information to make an impression or judgment weaker. |
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Self-Fulfilling Prophecy |
When we act on our initial impressions of others in a way that makes their behavior conform to out expectations. |