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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Micro analysis
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studies face to face and small group interactions to understand how those interactions affect the larger patterns and institutions of society.
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macro analysis
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studies large scale social structures to determine how they affect groups and individuals
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quantatative analysis
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translates social world into numbers and tries to find cause and effect relationships.
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qualitative analysis
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works with nonnumerical data and tries to understand how people make sense of the world
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socoiological imagination
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quality of the mind that allows us to understand relationships between our situation in life and whats happening at the social level
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who coined the term sociology?
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august comte
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who legitmized sociology as a field of study with his famous work Suicide?
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emile durkheim
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latent function
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less obvious, unintended functions of social structure
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manifest function
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more obvious, intended functions
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functionalism
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paradigm that begins with the assumption that society is unified that functions because of the contributions of its seperate parts
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functionalism focus
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social structures, social order, macro level
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Functionalism tenets
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-system of interrelated parts in which no part can be understiin in isolation from the whole
-a change in any part can lead to changes in other parts of the system -maintanence and restoration of equilibrium is acheived by shared values |
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conflict theory
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paradigm that seens social conflict as the basis of society and social change and emphasizes a meterialist view of society, a critical view of status quo, and a dynamic model of historical change
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who was the father of conflict theory?
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karl marx
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conflict theory focus
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social structure, power, inequality, macro level
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conflict theory tenets
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-contrasts dominant positions with subordiante positions
-ever society at every point is subject to processes of change -many societal elements contribute to disintegration, not stability -whatever order does exists stems from coercion of some members at the top -emphasizes role of power and maintaing order in society |
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what did marx argue was the most important factor in social life?
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a person's relationship to the means of production
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symbolic interaction
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paradigm that sees interaction and meaning as central to society and assumes that meanings are not inherent but are created through interaction
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symbolic interaction focus
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meaning, social construction, micro level
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symbolic interaction tenets
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-examines role of individual during interaction process
-people act toward things on the basis these things have for them (trees, chairs, friends) -meaning of such things arises out of social interaction that one has with other people -these meanings are modified through an interpretive process used by the person in dealing with whatever is encountered |
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karl marx is a ?
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functionalist
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george mead is a ?
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symbolic interactionist
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who created the model development of self?
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george herbert mead
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model of development of self
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prepatory stage, play stage, and the game stage
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postmodernism
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a paradigm that suggests that social reality is diverse, pluarlistic, and constantly in flux
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postmodernism focus
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nature of reality, individual meaning, both micro and macro levels
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postmodernism tenets
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-no fixed entities or communities
-social life is not objective reality but nothing more or less than how we think about it -reject enlightenment -critiques sociology as a science -cultural symbols and media have changed reality of social organization -no reality, no right or wrong, its whatever you make of it -everything in society is just jumbled up |
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jean baudrillard is a ?
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postmodernist
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jean baudrillard suggested...
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-media dominates contemporary society
-signs represent things that are drained of their meaning, which we think are more important than the "real" -society has lost tough with reality becuase we are hooked on simulated reality because its more comforable (hyperreality) -society is dead |
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4 aspects of feminist theory
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gender differences, gender inequality, gender opression, and structural opression
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division labor in society
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presented that social bonds were present in all types of societies but that different types of societies created different bonds' emilie durkheim
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economy and society
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max weber
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society in america
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critical of american leadership and cultire; harriet martineau
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a social physics and introduction to psoitive philosophy
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aguste comte
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talcot parsons was a ?
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functionalist
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hull house maps and papers
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jane adams
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briefly discuss Camille Paglia
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-criticized as the antifeminist feminist
-controvesial viewpoint of real rape and date rape |
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independent variable
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cause or influence other variables
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dependent variable
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action depends on influence
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queer theory
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a paradigm that proposes that cetergories of sexual identity are social constructs and that no sexual catergory is fundamentally deviant or normal
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standford prison experiment
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philip zimbardo
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institutional review board
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a group of scholars within a university who meet regularly to review and apporive the research proposals of their colleagues and make reccomendations
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scientific method
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procedure for aquiring knowledge that empahsizes collecting concrete data thorugh observation and experiment
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intervening variables
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a thrid vairable, sometimes overlooked that explains the realtionship between 2 other variables
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spurious correlation and example
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the appearance of causation produced by an intervening variable; as ice cream sales increase so do rates of violent crime
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operational definition
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clear precise definiteion of a variable that facilitates its measurement
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enthnography
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naturalistic method based on studying people in their own environment in order to understand the meanings they attribute to their activities; written work that results from the study
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lab experiments
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advantages: control/precision, new ideas, cause and effect, conveinence
disadvantages: artificial, subject selection, hawthorne effect |
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simulations
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advantages: if subject involved it may work, more ethical, permitts investigation of phenomenon hard to test in real world
disadvantages: subjests may do what they think they might do, experimental demand, evaluation apprehension |
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field studies
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advantages: realism, provides info of behavior,
disadvantages:lack of control, time and money, lack replication |
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interviews
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advantages: very specific topic, reseracher can clarify responses,
disadvantages:interviewer bias, time and money, honest answers |
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surveys
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advantages:generalizablility, less time and money, very specific, anonymity
disadvantages:accuracy may not be consistent, less control, bias |
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existing sources
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advantages:test over wide range of time and societies, wide range of sources
disadvantages: difficulty locating info needed for hypotheses |