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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
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Injury to the brain (not including conditions present at birth, birth trauma, or degenerative diseases or conditions) resulting in total or partial disability or psychosocial maladjustment that affects educational performance; may affect cognition, language, memory, attention, reasoning, abstract thinking, judgment, problem solving, sensory or perceptual and motor disabilities, psychosocial behavior, physical functions, information processing, or speech
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Open head injury
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A brain injury in which there is an open wound in the head, such as a gunshot wound or penetration of the head by an object, resulting in damage to brain tissue
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Closed head injury
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Damage to the brain that occurs without penetration of the skull; might be caused by a blow to the head or violent shaking by an adult
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Motor-speech disorder
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Loss or impairment of the ability to understand or formulate language because of accident or illness
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Behavior modification
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Systematic control of environmental events, especially of consequences, to produce specific changes in observable responses. May include reinforcement, punishment, modeling, self-instruction, desensitization, guided practice, or any other technique for strengthening or eliminating a particular response
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Behavior management
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Strategies and techniques used to increase desirable behavior and decrease undesirable behavior. May be applied in the classroom, home, or other environment
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CHARGE syndrome
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A genetic syndrome resulting in deaf-blindness; characterized by physical anomalies, often including coloboma (abnormalities of the pupil, retina, and/or optic nerve), cranial nerves, heart defects, atresia (absence or closure) of the choanae (air passages from nose to throat) retardation in growth and mental development, genital abnormalities, ear malformation and/or hearing loss
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Usher syndrome
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An inherited syndrome resulting in hearing loss and retinitis pigmentosa, a progressive condition characterized by problems in seeing in low light and tunnel vision; there are three different types of Usher syndrome, differing with respect to when it occurs developmentally and the range of the major symptoms of hearing impairment, vision impairment, and balance problems
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Down syndrome
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A condition resulting from a chromosomal abnormality; characterized by intellectual disabilities and such physical signs as slanted-appearing eyes, hypotonia, a single palmar crease, shortness, and a tendency toward obesity; the most common type of Down syndrome is trisomy 21.
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Coloboma
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A condition of the eye in which the pupil is abnormally shaped and/or there are abnormalities of the retina or optic nerve; can result in loss of visual acuity and extreme sensitivity to light
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Cranial nerves
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Twelve pairs of nerves that connect the brain with various muscles and glands in the body
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Atresia
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Absence or closure of a part of the body that is normally open
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Choanae
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Air passages from the nose to the throat
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Retinitis pigmentosa
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A hereditary condition resulting in degeneration of the retina; causes a narrowing of the field of vision and affects night vision
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Night blindness
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A condition characterized by problems in seeing at low levels of illumination; often caused by retinitis pigmentosa
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Tunnel vision
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A condition characterized by problems in peripheral vision, or a narrowing of the field of vision
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Prenatal
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Occurring or developing in the fetus before birth
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Rubella (German measles)
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A serious viral disease, which, if it occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy, is likely to cause a deformity in the fetus
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Congenital Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
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The most frequently occurring viral infection in newborns; can result in a variety of disabilities, especially hearing impairment
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Postnatal
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Occurring in an infant after birth
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Meningitis
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A bacterial or viral infection of the linings of the brain or spinal cord; can cause a number of disabilities
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Braille
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A system in which raised dots allow people who are blind to read with their fingertips; each quadrangular cell contains one to six dots, the arrangement of which denotes different letters and symbols
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Hand-over-hand guidance
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A tactile learning strategy for persons who are deaf-blind; the teacher places his or her hands over those of the person who is deaf-blind and guides them to explore objects
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Hand-under-hand guidance
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A tactile learning strategy for persons who are deaf-blind; the teacher places his or her hands underneath part of the student's hand or hands while the child is exploring objects
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Adapted signs
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Signs adapted for use by people who are deaf-blind; tactually based rather than visually based, such as American Sign Language for those who are deaf but sighted
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Touch cues
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Tactual signals used to communicate with persons who are deaf-blind; can be used to signify a variety of messages
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Assistance card
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A relatively small card containing a message that alerts the public that the user is deaf-blind and needs assistance in crossing the street
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Augmentative or alternative communication (AAC)
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Alternative forms of communication that do not use the oral sounds of speech or that augment the use of speech
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Functional behavioral assessment (FBA)
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Evaluation that consists of finding out the consequences, triggers, and setting events that maintain inappropriate behaviors
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Positive behavioral support (PBS)
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Positive reinforcement (rewarding) procedures intended to support a student's appropriate or desirable behavior
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Self-stimulation
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Any repetitive, stereotyped activity that seems only to provide sensory feedback
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Self-injurious behavior (SIB)
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Behavior causing injury or mutilation of oneself, such as self-biting or head-banging; usually seen in individuals with severe and multiple disabilities
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Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)
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A special unit in a hospital designed to provide around-the-clock monitoring and care of newborns who have severe physical problems; staffed by professionals from several disciplines, such as nursing, social work, occupational therapy, respiratory therapy, and medicine; similar to an intensive care unit for older children and adults
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Developmentally appropriate practice (DAP)
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Educational methods for young children that are compatible with their developmental levels and that meet their individual needs; coined by the National Association for the Education of Young Children
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Sheltered workshop
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A facility that provides a structured environment for people with disabilities in which they can learn skills; can be either a transitional placement or a permanent arrangement
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Competitive employment
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A workplace that provides employment that pays at least minimum wage and in which most workers are nondisabled
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Self-determination
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Having control over one's life, not having to rely on others for making choices about one's quality of life; develops over one's life span
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Person-centered plan
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A method of planning for people with disabilities that places the person and his or her family at the center of the planning process
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Natural supports
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Resources in a person's environment that can be used for support, such as friends, family, and coworkers
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Job coach
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A person who assists adult workers with disabilities (especially those with intellectual disabilities), providing vocational assessment, instruction, overall planning, and interaction assistance with employers, family, and related government and service agencies
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Daily living skills
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Skills required for living independently, such as dressing, toileting, bathing, cooking, and other typical daily activities of non disabled adults
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Individualized education program (IEP)
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IDEA requires an IEP to be drawn up by the educational team for each exceptional child; the IEP must include a statement of present educational performance, instructional goals, educational services to be provided, and criteria and procedures for determining that the instructional objectives are being met
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Community residential facility (CRF)
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A place, usually a group home, in an urban or residential neighborhood where about three to ten adults with intellectual disabilities live under supervision
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