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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sport psychology is.... (3) |
explain, predict and influencing behaviour of individual participants in a sports context |
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2 main goals of sports psych |
improve performance & enhance QOL and personal growth |
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3 roles of sport psychology |
research, teach, consult |
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3 components of personality |
psychological core, typical responses, role-related behaviour |
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5 approaches to understanding personality |
PTIPS |
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PTIPS |
psychodynamic, trait, interactional, phenomenological, situational |
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Big 5 personality traits |
OCEAN openness conscientiousness extraversion agreeableness neuroticism |
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2 types of perfectionism |
PSP and ECP |
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PSP |
Personal standards perfectionism: high personal performance standards; high self-oriented achievement striving; adaptive functioning |
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ECP |
Evaluation concern perfectionism: fear of negative social evaluation; excessive self-criticism; poor outcomes and maladjustment |
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4 subtypes of perfectionism (Gaudreau & Thompson) |
Pure PCP; Mixed perfectionism; Pure ECP; non-perfectionism |
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4C Model (personality; Clough et al) |
Challenge to overcome situations; Control over experiences; Confidence to overcome experiences; Commitment to achieving goals |
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Thematic Apperception Test |
TAT; look at the following pictures and ask yourself who, what, next, etc.; looks at biases due to history & repressions; appraisals |
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Motivation is the ____ and ____ of effort |
direction; intensity |
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Theories of motivation (5) |
Need Achievement Theory Attribution Theory Achievement Goal Theory Competence Motivation Theory Self Determination Theory |
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Attribution theory made up of 3 components |
Stability, locus of causality, locus of control |
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Achievement Goal Theory: 3 types of goal orientation |
Outcome, Task, Social |
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Self Determination theory assumed 3 psychological needs |
Autonomy, competence, relatedness |
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6 levels of motivation of Self Determination theory |
Amotivation, External Regulation, Introjected Regulation, Identified Regulation, Integrated Regulation, Intrinsic Regulation |
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Arousal |
a blend of psychological and physiological activation, varying in intensity along a continuum (energy) |
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Anxiety |
a negative emotional state characterized by feelings of nervousness, worry, and apprehension; tends to be future-oriented |
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Stress |
a substantial imbalance between demand and response capability where failure to meet demand has important consequences |
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4 stages of stress |
Environmental demand... Perception of demand... Stress response... Behavioural consequences |
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Conditions of social-evaluative threat that elicited the largest cortisol increase effect sizes (3) |
- when performance was videotaped... - when audience was present... - when persons present offering negative social comparison |
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2 types of anxiety |
Cognitive (negatively related to performance; voices inside your head)... Somatic (related to performance in an inverted-U parttern; physiological activation) |
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Choking |
a catastrophic deviation from expected performance under pressure |
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2 attentional theories for why we choke |
Distraction & self-focus |
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Home-field advantage |
- clear home-field advantage in the regular season (mostly in hockey and basketball; negligible in baseball and football) - in playoffs, proposed home-field disadvantage; evidence is mixed; seen in baseball and basketball mostly |
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3 ways to intervene our arousal/anxiety |
- reduce the level... distract ourselves from the anxiety... change our relationship with the anxiety itself |
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core relational theme |
relationship between athlete and environment |
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core emotions related to sport and exercise |
anger... anxiety... fright... guilt... shame... sadness... envy... jealousy... happiness... pride... relief... hope... love... gratitude... compassion |
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2 types of cognitive appraisal (interpretation of what is happening)
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Primary (evaluation of what is at stake; what happened)... Secondary (evaluation of what can be done; how am I going to cope)
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3 stress appraisals |
Harm/Loss... Threat... Challenge |
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3 types of stressors in sport (___ vs. ___) |
1. acute vs. chronic... 2. expected vs. unexpected... 3. competitive vs. non-competitive |
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coping |
cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage specific external/internal demands that tax or exceed a person's resources |
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3 types of coping strategies |
problem-focused... emotional-focused... avoidance |
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5 emotion regulation strategies |
situation selection... situation modification... attention deployment... cognitive change... response modulation |
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3 characteristics of burnout |
physical exhaustion... devaluation of one's pursuit... reduced sense of accomplishment |
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concentration |
a person's ability to exert deliberate mental effort on what is most important in any given situation |
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4 components of concentration |
1. focusing on relevant environment cues... 2. maintaining attentional focus... 3. situational awareness... shifting attentional focus when necessary |
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2 types of attentional strategies |
associative and dissociative |
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4 categories of positive self-talk |
firing up... confidence... instruction... arousal control |
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3 categories of negative self-talk |
worry... disengagement... somatic fatigue |
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3 parts of the cognitive triad |
thoughts, feelings, behaviours |