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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What lung structure is formed around the fourth week gestation. What divides the structure? What does this form
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Respiratory diverticulum. It divides by the tracheoesophageal septum to form pharynx and esophagus dorsaly and trachea and bronchi/ lungs caudally.
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What is the age during the pseudoglandular period? What forms?
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5-16 weeks.
Lung buds form and form secondary and tertiary bronchiole buds. |
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What is the age during the canalicular period? What forms?
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16-24 weeks.
Terminal sacs begin to form and becomes vascularized. |
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What is the age during the terminal sac period? What forms?
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24-birth
Capillaries protrude into sacs. Surfactant is produced. |
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What is age during the alveolar period? What forms?
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birth- 8 years.
Type I cells stretch and alveoli multiply. |
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What are the layers around the lung? What function do they serve?
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Parietal covers the thoracic cavity. Visceral pleura covers the surface of the lungs.
The space between them contains serous fluid for friction during lung movement |
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What is the blood supply to the lungs?
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Bronchial- oxygenated
Pulmonary- deoxygenated |
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What is the innervation of the lungs?
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Parasympathetic (vagus)
Sympathetics |
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What is the lymphatic drainage of the lung?
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Pulmonary
Bronchopulmonary Superior tracheobronchial Inferior tracheobronchial |
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What are the structures of the conducting bronchial tree. What are the functions?
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Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, laynx, trachea, bronchi, bronhioles, terminal bronchioles.
Functions to condition, warm, moisten and cleanse air. |
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What are the structures of the respiratory bronchial tree?
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Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, atria and alveolar sacs.
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What cells are involved with the respiratory epithelium? What is the function?
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Ciliated columnar cells- push mucous out of the lungs.
Mucous goblet cells- secrete mucous to trap bacteria and particles. Brush cells- replace dead ciliated and mucous cells and sensory receptors. Basal cells- stem cells. Small granule cell- exhibit DNES activity. |
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Where is the lamina propria in the lungs? What is the structure?
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Loose connective tissue with mucous glands under the epithelium.
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What is the epithelium in the vestibule?
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Initially keratinized epithelium that changes to nonkeratinized to stratified squamous to respiratory epithelium.
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What is found on the lateral walls of the nasal fossa? What is found on the superior surface?
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Turbinate bones found on the lateral wall to warm and moisten air.
Specialized olfactory epithelium found on the roof. |
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What are venous plexuses used for?
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Venous plexuses engorge with blood causing it to swell alternatively and prevent drying.
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What is the organization of the epiglottis?
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Superior surface- non-keratozinized; inferior surface- respiratory epithelium.
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What are the false vocal cords? What are the true vocal cords?
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False- respiratory epithelium and contains mucous gland.
True- stratified squamous; contains vocal ligament and vocalis muscle. |
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What prevents the trachea from contracting? What narrows it?
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Cartilage rings bridged posteriorly by a ligament and trachealis muscle. Contraction of the trachealis constricts the lumen during coughing, etc.
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What passes through the hilum of the lung?
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Primary bronchi, arteries, veins nerves, lymphatics.
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What is unique about the structure of bronchioles?
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Absence of cartilage and glands in the walls.
Cuboidal epithelium. |
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What cells appear in the terminal bronchioles?
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Clara cells- protection and regeneration of the epithelium. Detoxification of inhaled substances.
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What are the layers of the interalveolar septa?
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Simple squamous epithelial layers with an interstitium betwee.
Interstitium holds capillaries embedded in connective tissue. |
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What is the function of alveolar pores?
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Connect adjacent alveoli and equalize pressures.
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What is the function for a type I alveoli?
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Gas-permeable component
Pinocytes recycle surfactant. |
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What is the function of type II alveoli?
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Lamellar bodies release surfactant.
Replace type I and II cells. |
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What is the function of alveolar macrphages?
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Removing debris that escapes the mucous. Also phagocytoses blood cells in heart failure.
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What is the function of surfactant?
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Reduce surface tension in the alveoli.
Bactericidal. |