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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Wien's Law |
You can measure the temp of a distant object without having to travel to it. |
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Doppler Effect |
Measures the motion of an object toward or away from the observer |
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Distance between sun and earth |
1 AU (150mil Km) |
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temperature of Sun's surface |
5800Kelvins |
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The two elements most abundant within the sun |
Hydrogen and Helium |
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Helioseismology |
Used to map the inside of the sun |
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Zeeman Effect |
Used to measure the magnetic fields of sun spots, splits spectral lines into multiple components |
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Solar Cycle Minimum |
Little to no sunspot activity -->colder winter on earth |
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How many reactions occur in the proton-proton chain? |
3 |
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Nuclear fusion takes 4 hydrogen nuclei and makes how many helium? |
1 |
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The order of the suns layers |
Core, radiative zone, convective zone, photosphere, chromosomes, and corona |
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Core |
10% mass of sun, where energy is created |
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Radiative zone |
Energy transported to surface |
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Convective zone |
Hot plasma rises to surface |
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Photosphere |
Visible surface of sun, 5800K |
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Chromosphere |
Middle atmosphere |
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Corona |
Outer atmosphere 1 millionK |
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Blue shift |
Object coming towards you, shorter wavelengths |
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Red shift |
Object is going away from you, longer wavelengths |
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Continuous spectrum |
Displays smooth variation in intensity of ALL wavelengths with NO BREAKS |
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Emission Spectrum |
Photons emitted by excited gas (mostly black with bits of bright-line spectra) |
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Absorption spectrum |
When radiation passes through cool gas (Continuous spectrum with bits of dark-line spectra within in) |
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radio telescopes |
Ground based, use interferometry |
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Reflective telescope |
Concave mirror focuses light into focal plane |
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Refractive telescope |
Focuses light onto the focal plane |
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The law of mutual gravitation |
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Galileo and acceleration of falling objects |
Acceleration doesn't depend on weight of an object or the height from which it is dropped |
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Weight |
The measure of gravitational force on an object |
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Mass |
The measurement of the amount of matter an object contains |
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Inverse square law |
The gravitational force of one body on another will be 9 times stronger at 2 meters than at 6 meters apart. |
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Perigee |
The point in an objects orbit around earth when the object is closest to earth |
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Spring tides |
Twice/ month@ new and full moon when high tides are exceptionally high and low tides are exceptionally low. |
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Newtons First Law of Motion |
An object with no force acting on it continues @rest or moves in a uniform motion in a straight line with constant velocity |
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Momentum |
Equal to its velocity multiplied by its mass |
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Force due to gravity between two objects depends on what? |
The mass of each object and the distance between them |
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Kinetic Energy |
Refers to the energy of a moving body |
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Shortest -->longest wavelength of different categories of electromagnetic radiation |
Gamma-->x-ray-->ultraviolet-->visible light-->infared-->microwave-->radio |
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Visible wavelength |
(Purple/blue)400nm-700nm(red) |
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photons |
A particle of electromagnetic radiation |
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Ion |
An atom that has lost or gained one or more electrons |
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Isotopes |
Atoms that have the same number of protons (same element) but different number of neutrons |
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What must an atom do to move from a higher to a lower energy level |
Emit a photon |
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1st postulate of special relativity |
Observers can never detect their uniform motion except relative to other objects |
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2nd postulate of special relativity |
Speed of light within a vacuum is combatant and will have same value for all observers independent of Motion |
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Equivalency principle of theory of general relativity |
Observers can't distinguish locally between inertial forces due to acceleration and uniform gravitational forces due to presence of massive body |
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When can photons be absorbed by an atom of an element |
If they match one of several possible wavelengths that are absorbed by that element |
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What is acceleration due to gravity |
9.8 m/s^2 |
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Newtons 2nd Law of Motion |
The acceleration of a body is inversely proportional to its mass, directly proportional to the force, and in the sane direction as the force. F=ma |
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Newtons 3rd law of Motion |
To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
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What causes the earth's tides |
Caused by small differences gravitational forces |
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Neap tides |
Twice/ month @ 1st and 3rd qtr moon resulting in slightly lower high tide and slightly higher low tide |