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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Anthropology
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The science that investigates human biological and cultural variation and evolution.
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Culture
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Behavior that is shared, learned, and socially transmitted.
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Biocultural Approach
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Approach of studying humans in terms of the interaction between biology and culture in evolutionary adaption.
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Variation
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The differences that exist among individuals or populations.
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Evolution (H)
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Change in populations of organisms from one generation to the next.(H)
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Both fact and theory.
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Adaptation
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The process of successful interaction between a population and an environment.
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Cultural Anthropology
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The subfield of anthropology that focuses on variations in cultural behaviors among human populations.
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Archaeology
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The subfield of anthropology that focuses on cultural variation in pre-historic and historic populations by analyzing the culture's remains.
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Biological Anthropology(H)
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The subfield of anthropology that focuses on the biological evolution of humans and human ancestors, the relationship of humans to other organisms, and the patterns of biological variation within and among human populations.(H)
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Also refered to as "Physical Anthropology"
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Taxonomy
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The science of describing and classifying organisms.
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Species
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A group of populations whose members can interbreed naturally and produce fertile offspring.
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Genus
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Groups of species with similar adaptations.
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Natural Selection
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A mechanism for evolutionary change favoring the survival and reproduction of some organisms over others because of their biological characteristics.
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Theistic Evolution
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The belief that God operates through the natural process of evolution.
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Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
(H) |
Developed the theory of natural selection by observing different organisms and how their characteristics were perfectly adapted to their natural environment. Known as the "Father of evolutionary thought," (H)
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Was a naturalist
Background in medicine and theology Natural Selection -Finches -wrote "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection" |
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Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)
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Swedish naturalist who compiled one of the first formal classifications of all known living organisms.(H)
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Taxonomy
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Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)
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French anatomist that analyzed many of the fossil remains found in quarries. He showed that many of these fossils were of animals that had become extinct in his hypothesis of catastrophism.(H)
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Catastrophism
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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)
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French scientist who believed that the environment affected the future evolution of organisms, through differences in the use and disuse of body parts.
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Thomas Malthus (1766-1834)
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Economist whose writings influenced Darwins theory of natural selection, and noted that many organisms die before reaching maturity and reproducing.
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Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913)
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Helped develop the theory of natural selection with Darwin.
"Father of Biogeography" |
Wrote papers to Darwin about natural selection
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Four most popular prevalent views of the natural world
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1. The Earth is young
2. Divine creation still the most prominent explanation of human origins 3. Fossils were the result of the biblical 4. Fixed view of the world was prevalent |
boobies
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Artificial Selection
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Modification of a species by human intervention so that certain desirable traits are represented in successive generations.
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wolves to dogs
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Darwin's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
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1. individuals within a species vary
2. most of this variation can be inherited 3. struggle for existence/intense competition 4. Due to that variation in traits some individuals are better able to survive and reproduce than others (more likely to survive and reproduce) |
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Microevolution
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gradual changes in the genetic material of a population over time
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Darwin's Finches, beak size, and the drought
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Macroevolution
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the origin and extinction of species
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Thomas Huxley (1825-1895)
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Wrote first biological anthropology textbook, Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature (1863)
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Sexual Selection
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the evolutionary change that occurs because of variation in (often male) ability to acquire mates
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Intraselection
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"male-male competition"
you can acquire mates by preventing our rivals from mating |
fighting
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Interselection
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"female choice"
you can acquire mates by attracting them to you |
physical trait
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Sexual Dimorphism
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differences among the sexes due to sexual selection
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