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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Prime Mover or Agonist
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a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement. "leader"
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Antagonist
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muscles that oppose, or reverse a particular movement.
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Synergist
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help prime movers by (1)adding a little extra force to the same movement or (2) reducing undesirable or unessasary movements the might occur as the prime mover contracts.
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fixators
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when the synergist immobilize a bone, or muscle origin.
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Circular
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this is when the fasicles are arranged in concentric rings. they surrounds external body openings.
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Convergent
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muscle has a broad origin and its facicles converge toward a single tendon or insertion. such muscle is triangular shaped or fan shaped.
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Parallel
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type of muscle arrangement.
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Fusiform Muscles
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spindel shaped muscles Ex: Biceps brachii muscle of the arm
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Pennate
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Patturn, facicales are short and they attach obliquely to a central tendon that runs the length of the muscle. (Penna=Feather)
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Lever Systems
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Partnerships between the muscular and skeletal systems.
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Lever or fulcrum
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Is a rigid bar the moves on a fixed point.
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Effort
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The applied force is used to move redsistance -LOAD-
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Mechanical advantage
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Conditon that occurs when the load is close to the fulcrum and the effort is applied far from the fulcrum; allows a small effort excerted over a relativly large distance to move a large load over a small distance.
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Mehcanical Disadvantage
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Condition that occurs when the load is far from the fulcrum and the effot is applied near the fulcrum; the effort applied must be greater than the load to be moved.
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First Class-levers
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the effort is applied at one end of the lever and the load is at the other, with the fulcrum somewhere between.
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Second class-Levers
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The effort is applied at the end of the lever and the fulcrum is located at the other, with the load between them.
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Third Class-Levers
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The effort is applied between the load adn the fulcrum.
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Epicranius
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Bipartie muscle consiting of the frontals and the occupitals muscles connected to the cranial aponerurosis, the galea aponeurotica; the alternate actions of these two muscles pull scalp forward and backwards.
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Frontalis
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covers forehead and dome of skull; no bony attachments
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Occipitals
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Overlies posterior occiput; by pulling on the galea, fixes origin or frontals
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Corrugtaor Supercilii
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Small muscle; activity associated with that of orbicularus oculi.
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Orbicularis Oculi
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Thin, tripartie sphincter muscle or eye lid; surrounds rim or orbit.
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Zygomaticus
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Muscle pair extending diagonally from cheek bone to corner of mouth
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Risorius
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Slender Muscle inferior and lateral to zygomaticus
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Levator Labii Superioris
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thin muscle between orbicularis oris and inferior eye margin.
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Depressor Labii Inferioris
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Small muscle running from mandible to lower lip.
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Depressor anguli Oris
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complicated, mulitiayered muscle of lips with fiber sthat run in many differnt directions; most run circulary.
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Mentails
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one of the muscle pair forming a V-shaped muscle mass on chin
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Buccinator
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thin, horizontal cheek muscle, principal muscle of the cheek; deep to masseter
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Platysma
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Unpaired,thin, sheetlike superfical neck muscle; not strickly a head muscle, but plays a role in facial expressions
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masseter
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powerful muscle that covers laeral aspects of mandibular manus
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Temporalis
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fan-shaped muscle that covers parts of the temporal, frontal and parietal bones.
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Medial pterygoid
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Deep-two headed muscle that runs along an internal surface of mandiable and is largly concealed by that bone.
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Lateral Pterygoid
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Deep-two headed muscle; lies superior to medial pterygoid muscle.
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Digastric
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Consists of two bellies united by an intermediate tendon, forming a V shape under the chin.
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Stylohyoid
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Slender muscle below angle of jaw; parellels posterior belly of digastric muscle.
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Mylohyoid
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Flat, triangular muscle just deep to digastric muscle; this muscle pair forms a sling that forms the floor of the anterior mouth.
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Geniohyoid
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Narrow muscle in contact with its partener medially; runs from chin to hyoid bone.
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Sternohyoid
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Most medial muscle of the neck; thin superfical except inferiorly, where coverd by sternocleidomastoid.
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Sternothyroid
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Lateral and deep to sternohyoid.
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Omohyoid
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Strap like muscle w/ two bellies united by an intermediate tendo; lateral to the sternohyoid.
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Thyrohyoid
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Appers as a continuation of sternothyroid muscle.
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Pharyngeal constrictor
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composite of three paired muscles whoose muscle fibers run circulary in pharynx wall; superior muscle is inner most and inferior one is outermost substantial overlap.
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Sternocleidomastoid
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Two headed muscle located deep tot eh platysma on anterolateral surface of neck; fleshy parts on either side of neck delineate limits of anterior and posterior triangels; key muscular land mark in neck; muscle spasums of these mucles may cause torticollis.
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Scalenes
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Located more laterally then anteriorly on neck; deep to platysma and sternocleidomasoid.
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Splenius
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Broad biparties superfical muscle extending from upper thoracic vertebre to skull; capitis portion known as "bandage muscle" becasue it holds down deeper neck muscles.
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Erector spinae
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pimemover of back extension helps with the bending at the waist.
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Lilocostalis
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Most lateral muscle group of erector spinae muscles; extend from pelvis to neck
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