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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
personality |
distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behavior, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual |
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psychodynamic theories |
theories that explain behavior and personality in terms of unconscious energy dynamics within the individual |
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psychoanalysis |
theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy developed by Freud; it emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts |
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id |
a part of personality present at birth & completely unconscious, Sexual and Aggressive particularly sexual and aggressive instincts (what you like to do) |
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Ego |
represents reason, good sense, and rational self-control |
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Superego |
conscience, morality, and social standards |
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defense mechanisms |
methods used by the ego to prevent unconscious anxiety or threatening thoughts from entering consciousness |
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repression |
a threatening idea, memory, or emotion is blocked from consciousness |
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projection |
own acceptable or threatening feelings are repressed and then attributed to someone else |
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displacement |
occurs when people direct their emotions (especially anger) towards things, animals, or other people that are not the real object of their feelings |
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regression |
Falling back to childlike patterns a way of coping with stress |
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denial |
refuse to admit that something unpleasant is happening |
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oral psychosexual stages |
occurs during the first year of life, when babies experience the world through their mouths |
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Anal psychosexual stages |
ages 2 to 3, when toilet training and control of bodily wastes are the key issues ("anal retentive" or "anal expulsive") |
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phallic psychosexual stages |
age 3 to 5/6, child unconsciously wishes to possess the parent of the other sex and to get rid of the parent of the same sex |
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latency psychosexual stages |
occurs at 6 to onset or beggining of pruberty, child remains hidden of sexual or latent feelings |
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genital psychosexual stages |
it occurrs at 13 where the focus is on sexual curiosity, begins at puberty and leads to adult sexuality |
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Carl Jung (Jungian Theory) |
All humans share a vassal collective unconscious memories, stories, symbols, images, bad and good |
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object-relations school |
emphasizes the importance of the infant's first two years of life and the baby's formative relationships, especially with the mother |
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objective tests (inventories) |
standard questionnaires, written responses, personalities values, interests, self-esteem, emotional problems |
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Gordon Allport |
recognized that not all traits have equal weight and significance in people's lives |
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Central traits |
reflect a characteristic way of behaving, dealing with others, and reacting to new situations |
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Secondary traits |
more changeable aspects of personality, such as music preferences, habits, casual opinions, and the like |
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Openness to experience Trait |
creative, artistic, curious, imaginative |
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resistance to new experience Trait |
uncreative, conforming |
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conscientiousness Trait |
Careful, responsible, organized |
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Impulsiveness |
Lazy, unreliable, careless, fickle |
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Extroversion Trait |
Outgoing, social, talkative, optimistic |
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introversion |
Shy, comfortable, being alone |
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Agreableness |
good natured, cooperative, helpful |
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Antagonism |
Rude, uncooperative, irritable, agreesive |
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Neuroticism |
Worries, Complainant, insecure |
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Emotional stability |
Calm, Secure, relaxed |
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heritability |
proportion of the total variance in some trait that is attributable to genetic differences among individuals within a group |