Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
1st Law of thermodynamics Equation* |
∆U=Q-W U (Change in internal energy) Q (Heat added) W (Work done by system) |
|
1st Law of thermodynamics #2 |
States Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Aka the conservation of energy, States the change in internal energy of a system energy transfer. |
|
Entrophy |
Disorder or a system, always decreasing. |
|
Rate Law or Rate Equation |
V= K (A) × (B) y Mathematical expression for the reaction of a given reaction |
|
Isothermal process |
Temp remains constant, Pressure and Volume of ideal gas exchange. ∆T=O |
|
Adiabatic Expression |
Q=O Exchanges no heat with it's surroundings |
|
Pressure in thermodynamics |
PV=nRT P (Power - V(Volume - n(Amount of substance - R(Ideal gas constant - T(Temperature |
|
Standard Temp pressure |
V=nRT/P V (Volume - n(Moles - R(Ideal gas constant - T( temperature - P(Pressure |
|
Heat transferred (Kinetic Energy) From one system to another |
Q=C×M×∆T Q(Heat supplied by the system - C(Specific heat capacity of the system - M(Mass of the system - ∆( Change in the Temp of the system |
|
Heat Capacity ( Moler heat Capacity ) |
Amount of heat is required to raise the temp of a mole of material by 1°c |
|
Specific heat of Water |
4.184 ( J/gk) Jules/g_Kelvin |
|
Specific heat formula |
Q=MC∆T |
|
Conduction Formula |
Transfer of heat from one place to another due to the movement of fluid. *One of the three ways that heat energy moves from place to place.
Q/t=KA ( T1 - T2 ) D
Q/t (Rate of Heat transfer - K(Thermal activity - A(Area of surface - T1 & T2( Is the temperature difference
|
|
Heat is |
Thermal energy |
|
Energy is |
One of the fundamental concepts of Physics |
|
International system of Units |
SI |
|
Avogadro's Number |
An SI defining constant. Number of particles per mole exact Value of 6.02214 × 10 ^23 |
|
Q change when heat is added or removed from a system |
Added Q>O Removed Q<O Gas gains/loses energy when work is positive/Negative |
|
The Value of the Mole |
Is equal to the number of Atoms in exactly 12 grams of pure carbon
12g Carbon=1 Mol ......Carbon Atoms = 6.022×10^23 |
|
Normality and Molarity |
Normality - Used to measure the concentration of a solution.
Molarity - Molar concentration measure of concentration of a chemical species. Mole per litre.
N=M*N N ( Moles of reactive species )
Number of gram or mole equivalent of solute which are present in one litre of a solution.
|
|
Partially Constructive Interference |
Any kind of interference that is not completely constructive or completely destructive. |
|
Destructive interference |
Two waves length overlap in such a way that they cancel each other out. They add up to zero everywhere. |
|
Superposition |
The addition of individual waves to obtain the total effect. Can only occur with waves of the same type, such as water,sound, light, or waves on a string |
|
Interference |
Main application of superposition for waves, two Coherent waves combined by adding their intensities |
|
Linear expression |
Process of writing linear expressions in their most compact forms, and simplest forms. X + 4 - 2 Because X is also a representation of X1, the moment there is such a thing as X2. It ceases to be a linear expression. |
|
Volume Expression |
Mathematical equation used to find the total space occupied by a 3d object. a×a×a=a3, Volume of a cube where a is the length of the side of the cube |
|
Sound waves |
Pattern of disturbance caused by the movement of energy traveling through a medium Frequency - pitch, amplitude, loudness. Measured in hertz |
|
Hydrostatic process |
The pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at any point of time due to the force of gravity.
P= PO + Pgz
PO : Pressure at surface - P : Density g : Gravity - z: Depth |
|
Gauge Pressure |
Ignores atmospheric pressure positive for pressure above atmospheric pressure and negative for pressure below it.
|
|
Systolic pressure |
Maximum blood pressure |
|
Diastolic pressure |
Minimum blood pressure |
|
Atmospheric pressure |
Is the force per unit area exerted by the weight of the atmosphere. Also known as air pressure, is the pressure within the atmosphere of the earth. adds to blood pressure in every part of the circulatory system. |
|
Pascals principle |
Absolute pressure ( Total pressure ) - Is the sum of gauge Pressure and atmospheric pressure.
P abs = Pg + Patm |
|
Buoyancy |
Mass of a floating object, capacity to remain afloat in a liquid or rise in air or gas. Archimedes principle Fb = PA Fb-( Buoyant force ) P-( pressure) A-( area ) |
|
Relative density |
Sometimes called specific gravity, it's a dimensionless quantity defined as the ratio of the density ( mass of a unit volume ) of a substance to the density of a given reference material Nearly always measured with respect to water |
|
0th Law of thermodynamics |
If A is equilibrium with B and B is equilibrium with C then A is equilibrium with C |
|
Law of conservation |
In a isolated system, mass is neither created nor destroyed |
|
2nd Law of thermodynamics |
Physical base law ( based on universal empirical observation ) simple statement; heat always flows spontaneously from hotter to colder regions.
Example: if you bring a hot object into contact with a cold object, the hot object cools down and the cold object heats up until equilibrium is reached.
The Entrophy of the entire solar system increases over time |
|
Impulse |
A certain amount of force you apply for a certain amount of time to cause a change in momentum ∆p=F∆t ∆p- change in momentum F- force applied ∆t- elapsed time |
|
Elastic Collisions |
Is a collision in which there is no net loss of kinetic energy in the system as a result of the collision. * If the kinetic energy is the same, then the collision is elastic. |
|
Inelastic collisions |
A collision in which there is some amount of kinetic energy loss. Example: car accident of two vehicles |
|
Total elastic Collisions |
When two masses hit and they stick together. |
|
Work |
Energy transfer that occurs when an object is moved over a distance by an external force. |
|
Power Equation |
P = W/∆t P- Power W-Work ∆t- elapsed time
Amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. |
|
Distance equation |
D=VT Displacement traveled by an object motion...given its Velocity and Time D- Distance V- Velocity T- Time |
|
Co efficient of kinetic friction |
Unitless numbers that are used to calculate static and kinetic friction forces. Acts on a moving object. FK=μkFn |
|
Centripetal acceleration |
The property of the motion of an object transversing a circular path a© = V2/r a© = Acceleration V = Velocity r = Radius |
|
Centripetal Force |
A net force that acts on an object to keep it moving along a circular path.
F© = mv2/r F© = centripetal Force m= Mass v = Velocity r = radius
|
|
Rotational equilibrium |
It's Angular velocity is constant, the object is at rest or moving at a constant Angular velocity. Sum of Torque = 0 Clockwise rotation = Negative torque Counter clockwise rotation= Positive torque rotation |
|
Potential energy |
Energy that is stored in an object due to its position or condition. It is not a force but it can be converted into Kinetic energy
Example: a rubber band being stretched out, water sitting behind a dam.
U=mgh
U - Gravitational potential energy M - calculated based on the Mass of the object G - gravitational acceleration constant H - Height above the ground |
|
Kinetic energy |
Energy of an object that it possesses due to its motion 1/2mv2 m- mass v- velocity |
|
Mechanical Energy |
Is the sum of kinetic and potential energy E=U+K E - Mechanical energy U - Potential energy K - Kinetic energy Example: moving car, a swinging pendulum, a spinning top. |
|
Work done in Isochoric process/ Isovolumetric process/ Constant pressure |
W=P∆V W=P (V2-V1) Volume remaining constant but Temp and pressure change according to the process |
|
Constructive Interference |
A way of which sinusoidal functions can add. -Ex. Speakers facing each other, the disturbances produce a wave that has twice the amplitude of the individual waves |
|
3rd law of thermodynamics |
States that a perfect crystal at zero Kelvin ( absolute zero ) has zero Entrophy. It's where all motion stops on a molecular level |
|
Momentum |
P=MV P- momentum M-mass V-Velocity ( Quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and velocity ) |
|
Coefficient of static friction |
Measure for the amount of friction between two surfaces, explained as the ratio between the frictional Force and the normal force, In order for motion to take place static Coefficient must be overcome. The typical range is 0.6 - 08 Equation: μ=F/N F- ( frictional force for sliding friction ) μ- ( the Coefficient force ) N ( Normal force ) |