Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the 11 divisions of life?
|
Biosphere, ecosystem, communities, populations, organisms, organs, tissues, cells, organelles, molecules, and atoms
|
|
What is the biosphere?
|
It is all environments on inhabited by life
|
|
What is the ecosystem?
|
It is all living things in an area and the non-living environment
|
|
what are communities?
|
all organisms within an ecosystem
|
|
What is a population?
|
All individuals of a species living within a specific area
|
|
what is an organism?
|
it is an individual living thing
|
|
what is an organ?
|
a structure consisting of 2 or more types of tissues that carries out a function.
|
|
what is tissues?
|
A group of similar cells
|
|
what are cells?
|
the simplest collection of matter that can live
|
|
what are organelles?
|
a structure within the cell that carries out a specialized function.
|
|
what is a molecule?
|
it is a combination of atoms in defined proportions
|
|
what is an atom?
|
The smallest unit of an element
|
|
What is reduction?
|
breaking down complex objects to simple components.
|
|
what is emergent properties?
|
properties that occur in the complex object but not in its simple components
|
|
what are the seven properties of life?
|
order, evolutionary adaptaion, response to the environment, reproduction, growth and development. energy processing, and regulation.
|
|
All cells ...
|
have a membrane barrier, have distinct internal environments, and contain DNA.
|
|
What does a plasma membrane do?
|
Separates the cell from its surrounding
|
|
What is Cytosol?
|
a semi-fluid substance with a high solute concentration
|
|
Why are cells small?
|
the large surface area is needed to absorb nutrients and release waste
|
|
What is Magnification?
|
it is making an object seem bigger than it is
|
|
What is resolution?
|
distinguishing two points apart as separate objects
|
|
What is contrast?
|
it is distinguishing the objects from the background
|
|
How does a light microscope works?
|
1. light passes through the sample is absorbed by parts of the sample
2. An image is produced 3. which is magnified by lenses |
|
What is the problem with light microscopes? and what is the solution?
|
Problem: poor contrast since cells are for the most part clear in color, and it has limited resoultion.
solution: staining the cells and its organelles, needs a shorter wavelength |
|
how does an electron microscope (EM) works?
|
It uses a beam of electrons instead of light (smaller wavelingth). instead of lenses it uses electromagnets and computers are used to create the image
|
|
What are the two types of EMs and how are they different?
|
Transmission EM: the electrons pass through the sample and are detected to create a 2D image
Scanning EM: electrons bounce of the sample surface which creates a 3D image of the cell surface |
|
What are the two main ideas in cell theory?
|
all living things are made of cells and all cells come from pre-existing cells by division
|
|
What are the two main types of cells?
|
Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells
|
|
What are prokaryotic cells?
|
They are single cells orgnisms that have no membrane-bound compartment, their DNA is found in the nucleiod , and they have a more diversie metabolism
|
|
What are eukaryotic cells?
|
They are cells that contain membrane-bound organelles, its DNA is contained in the nucleus, it has a unique internal environment, and caries out a specific function. they tend to be larger and more structurally complex than prokaryotes
|