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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Indicate whether the following reactions are ANABOLIC or CATABOLIC, A + B -> AB
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ANABOLIC
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Indicate whether the following reactions are ANABOLIC or CATABOLIC, AB -> A + B
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CATABOLIC
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Indicate whether the following reactions are ANABOLIC or CATABOLIC, Starch -> Glucose
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CATABOLIC
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Indicate whether the following reactions are ANABOLIC or CATABOLIC, Amino Acids -> Proteins
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ANABOLIC
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Indicate whether the following reactions are ANABOLIC or CATABOLIC, Triglycerides -> Glycerol and 3 Fatty Acids
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CATABOLIC
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Indicate whether the following reactions are ANABOLIC or CATABOLIC, Gulcose -> Glycogen
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ANABOLIC
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Define all synthesis reactions in a living organism; the building of complex organic molecules from simpler ones
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ANABOLISM
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Define all decomposition reactions in a living organism; the breakdown of complex organic compounds into simpler ones.
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CATABOLISM
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The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in a living cell.
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Metabolism
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The substance that specific enzymes can react with
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Substrate
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A crevice where substrate binds to an enzyme during reaction
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Active Site
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An energy requiring process
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Anabolism
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Process where energy is released
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Catabolism
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The interaction between a substrate molecule and the active site of an enzyme, which changes shape slightly to embrace the substrate and catalyze the reaction
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Induced fit
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Fills the active site of an enzymen and competes with the normal substrate for the active site
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Competitive Inhibition
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When a noncompetitive inhibitor attaches to another part of the enzyme this is called the?
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Allosteric Site
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Allosteric inhibitors play a role in a kind of biochemical control called?
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Feedback inhibition
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When a series of enzymes makes an end product that inhibits the first enzyme in the series, thus shutting down the entire pathway when sufficient end-product has been made.
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Feedback inhibition
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A transcripitional control in anabolic pathway that blocks synthesis of enzymes when end products accumulate
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Enzyme repression
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A transcripitional control in catabolic pathway when enzymes are produced only when their substrates are present
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Enzyme Induction
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Non protein groups that bind to many enzymes and make them more reactive known as "helpers"
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Cofactor substrates
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Large organic molecules that act to transfer functional groups, protons, or electrons from one substrate to another
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Co enzymes
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The protein portion of an enzyme, can not function without the "help" of a co enzyme
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Apoenzyme
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The conbination of a co enzyme and an apoenzyme, a functional complex
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Holoenzyme
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Removal of electrons from a substance
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Oxidation
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Addition of electrons to a substance
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Reduction
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Indicate whether the compound below is in its OXIDIZED or REDUCED state, NAD+
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Oxidized
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Indicate whether the compound below is in its OXIDIZED or REDUCED state, FADH2
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Reduced
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Indicate whether the compound below is in its OXIDIZED or REDUCED state, NADH
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Reduced
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Indicate whether the compound below is in its OXIDIZED or REDUCED state, FAD
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Oxidized
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What produces ATP by chemiosmosis?
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Electron Transport Chain
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What forms pyruvate?
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Glycolysis
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What produces carbon dioxide as a waste product?
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TCA Cycle
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What can take place in the presence or absence of oxygen?
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Glycolysis
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What take place on the bacterial cell membrane?
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Electron Transport Chain
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What takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell?
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Glycolysis and TCA Cycle
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What produces ATP by substrate level phosphorylation?
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Glycolysis and TCA Cycle
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What makes use of compounds known as cytochromes?
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Electron Transport Chain
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What uses oxygen directly?
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Electron Transport Chain
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What is responsible for the complete oxidation of pyruvate?
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TCA Cycle
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How many ATP molecules must be invested to begin the process of glycolysis?
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2
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How many ATP molecules are gained (net) in the coversion of one molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate?
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2
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How many ATP molecules are formed/glucose during the TCA cycle?
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15 per pyruvate
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How many ATP molecules are produced via the Electron Transport Chain in the processing of one FADH2 molceule?
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2
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How many ATP molecules are produced via the Electron Transport Chain in the processing of one NADH molecule?
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3
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How many ATP molecules are formed by bacterial cells carrying out aerobic respiration?
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38
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How many ATP molecules are formed by bacterial cells carrying out fermentation?
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2/per glucose
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How many carbon atoms are present in Glucose?
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6
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How many carbon atoms are present in Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G-3-P)?
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3
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How many carbon atoms are present in Pyruvate?
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3
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How many carbon atoms are present in The Acetyl group carried by Coenzyme A?
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2
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How many carbon atoms are present in Oxaloacetate?
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4
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How many carbon atoms are present in Citrate?
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6
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How many carbon atoms are present in Ethanol?
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2
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How many carbon atoms are present in Lactic Acid?
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3
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How is ATP produced by Substrate Level Phosphorylation?
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A Mechanism of ATP synthesis in which a high energy phosphate group is directly transferred from an intermediate in the pathway to ADP to make ATP
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How is ATP produced by Oxidative Phosphorylation (Chemiosmosis)?
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3 steps 1 e- flow thru ETC 2 A proton gradient is established 3 H+ diffuse thru an ATP synthase
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List two ways in which Anaerobic Respiration differs from Aerobic Respiration
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1 in Anaerobic something other than oxygen is the final electron acceptor 2 Anaerobic (Less than 38 but more than 2) does not produce as much ATP as Aerobic (36 or 38)
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List two ways in which Anaerobic Respiration differs from Fermentation
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Fermentation only produces 2 ATP while Anaerobic produces less than 38 but more than 2, and Fermentation can happen under either Aerobic or anaerobic conditions, while Anaerobic can only happen under Anaerobic conditions
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