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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
what composes urinary system? |
2 kidneys 2 ureters urinary bladder urethra |
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It is a paired bean-shaped,retroperitoneal organ located in the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. |
kidney |
Organized into many lobes and pyramidal structure |
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Give the 2 Regions of the Kidney. |
medulla- inner region (light staining) cortex - outer region (dark staining) |
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what is the functional unit of the kidney? |
nephron |
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Recessed central fissure where the vessels and nerves and ureter pass |
Renal hilum |
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Extensions of the medulla into the cortex |
Medullary rays |
Comprises the cluster of collecting tubules and ducts |
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Extensions of the cortex to the medulla |
Renal columns |
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Several pyramid shaped subunits, it bases lie in the cortex and apices lie in the medulla |
Renal lobes |
8-18 Lobes |
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Collects and empty the urine from each lobe into the larger major calyces |
minor calyces |
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Empties the urines into the single funnel- shaped renal pelvis which is continuous with the ureter |
major calyces |
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One per abdomen, arise from the aorta in the upper abdomen |
Renal arteries |
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The median concavity of each kidney |
Renal sinus |
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The region comprises the renal sinus andn its contents |
Hilum |
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Dark staining outer region |
Cortex |
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Light staining inner region consisting of 8-18 conical medullary pyramids |
Medulla |
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Each consists of central medullary ray and all nephrons emptying into its collecting tubules |
Renal lobules |
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What are the parts of nephron? |
Renal corpuscles proximal convulated tubules loop of henle distal convulated tubule |
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Enumerate the Parts of renal corpuscles. |
1. Glomerulus 2. Bowman's capsule 3. Filtration barrier 4. Vascular pole 5. Urinary pole 6. filtration mechanism |
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Parts of Loop of Henle |
Descending Limb - first segment Ascending Limb- resemble DCT |
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The blood filtering unit of the nephron |
Renal corpuscle |
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What comprises the filtration barrier? |
Glomerulus & Bowman's capsule |
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Small tuff of capillaries which has fenestrae and are covered by thin diaphragm |
Glomerulus |
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Double walled epithelial chamber |
Bowman's capsule |
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2 Walls of bowmans capsule |
Visceral layer (inner) -podocytes Parietal layer (outer)- simp.SE |
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Cells with long primary processes from which arises interdigitating foot processes(pidecels) |
podocytes |
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Chamber between visceral and parietal layer |
Urinary bowman's space |
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Structures separating the capillary lumen from the urinary space |
Filtration barrier |
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The side where the afferent arterioles feeding glomerular capillaries enter and efferent arterioles exit. |
Vascular pole |
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Side where PCT exit |
Urinary pole |
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Component of the barrier limits the passage of blood components |
Filtration mechanism |
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Epithelial tube from the renal corpuscles urinary pole forming brush border |
PCT |
Simple cuboidal- low columnar linings, microvilli |
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U shaped epithelial tube functions as prerequisite for forming hypertonic urine |
Loop of henle |
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Final nephron segment which lacks brush border |
DCT |
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Disk of tightly packed columnar cells formed by the distal tubule epithelium which monitors NaCl concentration |
Macula densa |
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This causes the cell lining to reabsorb more sodium. |
Aldosterone |
Regulates sat and water balance |
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Increases sodium excretion |
Atrial natriuretic factor |
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primary responsible for setting up the medullas osmotic gradient |
Juxtamedullary nephron |
Has short,thick descending limbs and longer thin limbs that extends deeper into the medulla |
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A potent diuretic that inhibits the sodium and chloride reabsorption |
Furosemide |
Reduce hypertonicity of medulla |
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Recieved reduced volume of hypotonic or isotonic urine from the nephron and empty into large collecting ducts. |
Cortical CT |
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This play the final role in forming hypertonic urine |
Medullary CT |
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Juxtamedullary apparatus |
Juxtamedullary cells - (PAS + granules) macula densa extraglomerular mesangial cells (polkissen) |
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enzyme that produce plasma angiotensinogen |
Renin |
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Drugs that reduce bp by reducing angiotensin II production |
ACE inhibitors |
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Urinary system blood supply |
1.Renal artery - from abdominal aorta 2.Posterior and Anterior branch - arise from renal artery (hilum) 3. Interlobular arteries - arise from posterior and anterior branch(medulla bet. pyramids) 4. Arcuate arteries - arise from interlobular arteries (bet. Cortex and medulla) 5. Afferent arterioles - supply glomerulus 6. Efferent arterioles - carries blood away from glomerulus |
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carries urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder |
Ureter |
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Distensible muscular sac |
Urinary bladder |
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3 main parts of male urethra |
1.Prostatic segment- most proximal part 2. membranous segment- shortest 3. cavernous segment |
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The longest portion of the nephron in the cortex |
PCT |
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Maintains the osmotic gradient |
Vassa recta |
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