Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
258 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
which muscarinic receptor uses a decrease in adenyl cyclase as its second messenger?
|
M2
|
|
What drug is used to differentiate a cholinergic crisis from myasthenia gravis?
|
Edrophonium
|
|
What drug causes gradual loss of choline from the presynaptic nerve terminal by blocking its reuptake?
|
Hemicholium
|
|
what is the only site in the body that used M1 receptors?
|
stomach
|
|
what drug is an M1 specific antispasmodic?
|
Pirenzepine
|
|
what is the most potent NMJ blocker and also has no CV side effects?
|
Doxacurium
|
|
what antimuscarinic is used as an inhalant for asthma?
|
Ipratropium
|
|
what is the antidote for organophosphate ingestion?
(2) |
- Atropine
- 2-PAM (pralidoxime) |
|
DOC for atropine or TCA overdose?
|
Physostigmine
|
|
rate limiting step for NE synthesis
|
Tyrosine hydroxylase
|
|
what 2 enzymes are blocked by Disulfiram?
|
- Aldehyde DH
- Dopamine beta-hydroyxlase |
|
What is the MOA-B inhibitor?
|
Selegiline
|
|
what 2 drug inhibit the release of NE from storage granules?
|
- Guanethidine
- Bretylium |
|
What drug blocks intragranular uptake of NE?
|
Reserpine
|
|
What 2 drugs, when mixed, can lead to malignant hyperthermia?
|
- Succinylcholide
- Halothane |
|
what a1-agonist is used to treat paroxysmal atrial tachy w/ hypotension?
|
Metaraminol
|
|
what a1-agonist, not inactivated by COMT, is used as a decongestant and also for tx of paroxysmal atrial tachy?
|
Phenlepherine
|
|
what b2-agonist is used in prophylactic tx of asthma?
|
Salmeterol
|
|
What (2) b2-agonists cause myometrial relaxation?
|
- Ritodrine
- Terbutaline (asthma) |
|
hyperactive crisis can be caused by the addition of an MAO and what?
|
Tyramine
|
|
what drug class works to decrease TPR and preload w/ no change in heart rate or cardiac output?
|
a1-Antagonisis
|
|
what mixed a1-antagonists are used for patients with pheochromocytoma?
(2) |
- Phentolamine
- Phenoxybenzamine |
|
what a2-antagonist is used to tx impotence and postural hypotension?
|
- Yohimbine
|
|
what drug penetrates the BBB and is found in asthma preparations, used as a decongestant and used for urinary incontinence?
|
Ephedrine
|
|
what (2) b2-agonists are used to produce bronchodilation?
|
- Metaproterenol
- Albuterol |
|
what b-blocker is also an a-blocker?
|
Labetalol
|
|
what are the (5) cardioselective b1-blockers?
|
A BEAM:
- Acebutolol - Betaxolol - Esmolol - Atenolol - Metoprolol |
|
what b-blocker is also a membrane stabilizer?
|
Propranolol
|
|
In what (3) areas of the body are sympathetics the predominant tone?
|
- Sweat glands
- Arterioles - Veins |
|
what 3 b-blockers are used to treat glaucoma?
|
- Timolol
- Betaxolol - Carteolol |
|
what two b-blockers decrease serum lipids?
|
- Pindolol
- Acebutolol |
|
what drug blocks dopa-decarboxylase in the periphery to decrease the conversion of L-dopa to dopimine peripherally?
|
Carbidopa
|
|
DOC for early Parkinson's?
|
Selegiline
|
|
What antiviral agent is used for the tx of drug-induced Parkinson's?
|
Amantidine
|
|
what D2 agonist is used to treat neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
|
Bromocriptine
|
|
what cofactor of dopa-decarboxylase decreases the efficacy of L-dopa?
|
Vitamin B6
|
|
what antieptileptic agent has SIADH as a side-effect?
|
Carbamazepine
|
|
what is the DOC for trigeminal neuralgia?
|
Carbamazepine
|
|
first sign of overdose from phenobarbitals?
(2) |
- Nystagmus
- Ataxia |
|
what drug, used for partial seziures, inhibits the release of glutamate and causes rashes in 45% of patients?
|
Lamotrigine
|
|
what benzodiazepine is used to treat absent mal seziures?
|
Clonazepam
|
|
what are the two drugs of choice for simple partial seziures?
|
- Carbamazepine
- Phenytoin |
|
what is the only neuroleptic agent that does not cause hyperprolactinemia?
|
Clozapine
|
|
what is the DOC for status epilepticus?
|
Diazepam
|
|
what two neuroleptic agents are associated w/ Tardive Dyskinesia?
|
- Haldol
- Fluphenazine |
|
what neuroleptic agent causes retinal deposits, hypotension and torsades de pointes?
|
Thioridazine
|
|
what is the only neuroleptic that does not cause an increase in weight or appetite?
|
Molindone
|
|
what TCA causes sudden cardiac death in children?
|
Desipramine
|
|
what TCA is used to tx enuresis?
|
Imipramine
|
|
what class of anti-depressants are associated w/ insomnia?
|
SSRI
|
|
which is the only MAOI that does not cause a hypertensive crisis?
|
Selegiline
|
|
what occurs if you mix an MAOI and a sympathomimetic?
|
severe HTN, which can lead to a subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
|
what TCA is also a heavy sedative?
|
Amitriptyline
|
|
what neuroleptic agent is also considered to be an antihistamine?
|
Risperidone
|
|
what TCA is used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder and is said to cause aggressive behavior?
|
Clomipramine
|
|
what antipsychotic causes agranulocytosis and has no tardive dyskinesia as a side-effect?
|
Clozapine
|
|
drug that decreases mood swings and is used for the manic phase of bipolar?
|
Lithium
|
|
benzo used for:
anxiety/panic attacks |
Alprazolam
|
|
benzo used for:
absent seziures/anticonvulsant |
Clonazepam
|
|
benzo used for:
alcohol withdrawal |
Chlorazepate
|
|
benzo used for:
status epilepticus as a pre-op medication |
Diazepam
|
|
benzo used for:
pre-op medication |
Lorazepam
|
|
what benzos are activated outside the liver?
(3) |
Outside The Liver:
- Oxazepam - Temazepam - Lorazepam |
|
what benzo antagonist is used for benzo overdose?
|
Flumazenil
|
|
what benzos are Short acting?
(3) |
short acting=TOM thumb:
- Triazolam - Oxazepam - Midazolam |
|
side effects of Lithium
(4) |
Lithium=LMNOP:
- Movement (tremor) - Nephro diabetes insipidus - hypOthyroidism - Pregnancy problems |
|
(3) signs of TCA toxicity
|
Tri-C:
- Convulsions - Coma - Cardiotoxicity |
|
pinpoint pupils, decreased respiratory rate, coma
|
morphine overdose
|
|
heterocyclic antidepressant used also for smoking cessation
|
Bupropion
|
|
antidepressant that inhibits DA, NE and 5HT reuptake
|
Venlafaxine
|
|
what property is important for potency of general anesthetics?
|
Increased solubility in lipids
(1/MAC) |
|
Barbiturate used for induction of anesthesia
|
Thiopental
|
|
IV anesthetic that causes increased blood flow, hallucinations and bad dreams
|
Ketamine
|
|
which local anesthetics are the amides?
|
the ones with two "I's" in the name (ex: lIdocaIne)
|
|
what NT is at the mu receptor?
|
b-Endorphin
|
|
what is the NT at the delta receptor?
|
Enkephalin
|
|
what is the NT at the kappa receptor?
|
Dynorphin
|
|
which type of receptor antagonist is the most efficacious?
|
Competitive Antagonist
|
|
how are most water-soluble drugs eliminated?
|
kidney
|
|
what body fluid breaks down esters?
|
blood
|
|
what type of antagonist takes out a drug by binding to it?
|
Chemical Antagonist
|
|
what type of antagonist directly reverses the action of a drug by working on a different receptor?
|
Physiologic Antagonist
|
|
what is the equation for a drug's theraputic index?
|
leathal dose divided by effective dose
|
|
what are the drugs in the triple tx of H. pylori?
|
- Pepto-bismol
- Amoxicillin (or Erythro) - Metronidazole |
|
what is the common IV opioid used in surgery?
|
Fentanyl
|
|
what IV agent has the lowest incidence of postoperative emesis and the fastest rate of recovery?
|
Propofol
|
|
what is the side-effect of activating a mu receptor?
|
respiratory depression
|
|
which drug causes dissociative anesthesia and is used mainly in pediatric surgery?
|
Ketamine
|
|
which short-acting benzo is used for conscious sedation?
|
Midazolam
|
|
what is the only local anesthetic that does not cause vasodilation?
|
cocaine
|
|
what two classes of drugs can cause schizoid behaviors?
|
- Glucocorticoids
- Amphetamines |
|
Drug effect:
myoclonus, hyperthermia, rigidity |
Serotonin crisis
|
|
what drug used to treat alcoholism has a long half-life and is given orally?
|
Naltrexone
|
|
where do local anesthetics bind?
|
inactive Na+ channels
|
|
what are the three b-lactam inhibitors?
|
- Clavulanic acid
- Sulbactam - Tazobactam |
|
sulfonamide used to treat ulcerative colitis or chrone's disease?
|
Sulfasalazine
|
|
DOC for PCP?
|
TMP-SMX
|
|
which antiviral is teratogenic?
|
Amantadine
|
|
which tetracycline is used when there is a decrease in renal function?
|
Doxycycline
|
|
what is the DOC for Pseudomonas infections?
|
Ceftazidime
(& cephtriaxone) |
|
what aminoglycoside causes disruption of CN-1?
|
Streptomycin
|
|
DOC for Proteus mirabilis, E.coli & Klebsiella
(2) |
- Cefazolin
- Cephalexin (first generation cephalosporins) |
|
DOC for gonorrhea
|
Ceftriaxone
|
|
DOC for Enterobacter
|
Imipenem/cilastatin
|
|
DOC for Clostridium difficle
|
Vancomycin
|
|
what aminoglycoside is used before surgery to sterilize the bowel?
|
Neomycin
|
|
bacteriostatic drug that causes a discoloration of teeth
|
Tetracycline
|
|
DOC for Legionella, Mycoplasma & Campylobacter infections?
|
Erythromycin
|
|
DOC for tularemia and the plague?
|
Streptomycin
|
|
DOC for asymptomatic meningitis?
|
Rifampin
|
|
Which antihelmintic increases membrane permeability to Ca++ and is the DOC for schistosomiasis?
|
Praziquantel
|
|
which inhibitor of microtubule synthesis is the DOC for whipworms & pinworms?
|
Mebendazole
|
|
DOC for filariasis
|
Diethylcarbamazine
|
|
what DOC for ascaris causes neuromuscular blockade of the worm?
|
Pyrantel pamoate
|
|
DOC for influenza & rubella?
|
Amantidine
|
|
DOC for RSV?
|
Ribavirin
|
|
DOC for HPV
|
a-Interferon
|
|
what D2 receptor blocker is used as an antiemetic?
|
Chlorpromazine
|
|
what PGE analog is used in tx of ulcers caused by excessive NSAIDs?
|
Misoprostol
|
|
what drug is an irreversible inhibitor of the Na/K pump?
|
Omeprazole
|
|
HIV protease inhibitors
|
"Never (NAVIR) TEASE a Pro"
"-navir" drugs (ex: Ritonavir) |
|
DOC for Chagas' disease
|
Nifurtimox
|
|
endings:
-afil |
erectile dysfunction
|
|
endings:
-ane |
inhalation general anesthetics
|
|
endings:
-azepam |
benzodiazapines
|
|
endings:
-azine |
(Phenothiazine)
neuroleptic; antiemetic |
|
endings:
-azole/-conazole |
antifungal
|
|
endings:
-barbital |
barbiturate
|
|
endings:
-caine |
local anesthetic
|
|
endings:
-cycline |
Protein synthesis inhibitor Ab
|
|
endings:
-ipramine |
TCA
|
|
endings:
-navir |
Protease inhibitor
|
|
endings:
-operidol |
neuroleptics
|
|
endings:
-oxin |
cardiac glycoside
|
|
endings:
-terol |
b2 agonist
|
|
what blood disorder is a side effect of metformin?
|
Megaloblastic anemia
|
|
antineoplastic inhibits in:
M-phase (2) |
- Vincristine/Vinblastine
- Taxols |
|
antineoplastic inhibits in:
G1 phase (2) |
- L-asparaginase
- mitomycin |
|
antineoplastic inhibits in:
G2 phase |
- Bleomycin
|
|
antineoplastic inhibits:
b/t G1 & S phase |
Hydroxyurea
|
|
antineoplastic inhibits:
b/t S & G2 phase |
Etoposide
|
|
antineoplastic inhibits in:
S phase (the rest) |
top 4:
- Methotrexate - 5-FU - 6-MP - Cytarabine |
|
most common pain killer during pregnancy
|
Meperidine
|
|
what morphine derivative is used in patients w/ renal failure?
|
Hydromorphone
|
|
which group of anti-HTN agents decrease left ventricular hypertrophy the best?
|
Thiazides
|
|
what drug affects the extrinsic pathway and increases PT?
|
the EX-PaTriot went to WAR:
WARfarin |
|
anticoagulant that decreases thrombin and can be used during pregnancy
|
Heparin
|
|
site of action:
- Osmotic diuretic - Loop (specific) - K-sparing - Thiazide - Carbonic anhydrase inh |
-O: entire tube except thick ascending limb
-L: Ascending limb -K: early CT -T: early DT -CAI: PCT |
|
what is the only diuretic working on the blood side of the nephron?
|
Spirolactone
|
|
what is the DOC for HTN patient w/ decreased renal function?
|
a-Methyldopa
|
|
DOC in tx for the late phase of asthma?
|
corticosteroids
|
|
which anti-thrombotic agent causes a decreased level of circulating fibrinogen?
|
Steptokinase
|
|
which diuretic retains Cl- and is used for acute mountain sickness?
|
Acetazolamide
|
|
which diuretic causes irreversibile ototoxicity and GI bleeds?
|
Ethacrynic Acid
|
|
DOC for HTN w/ increased heart rate?
|
b-Blockers
|
|
DOC for HTN w/ elevated force of contractions?
|
b-Blockers
|
|
DOC for HTN w/ increase in fluid volume?
|
ACE inhibitor
|
|
DOC for HTN w/ increase in TPR?
(2) |
- a-Antagonist
- Calcium channel blockers |
|
DOC for woman in 3rd trimester w/ premature uterine contractions
|
Terbutaline
|
|
Effect of aspirin on the kidney?
|
Renal Papillary necrosis
|
|
what reverses the myelosuppression of methotrexate?
|
Leucovorin
|
|
where does botulin poison act?
|
at the presynaptic terminal of the ACh to inhibit release
|
|
what aluminum hydroxide adheres to a GI ulcer crater to stimulate a mucous barrier?
|
Sucralfate
|
|
what occurs when you mix a statin w/ a nicin?
|
rhabdomyolysis
|
|
binds to ergosterol in a fungal cell
|
Amphotericin B
|
|
MOA of griseofulvin
|
inhibits microtubule function
|
|
DOC for decreasing synthesis of thyroid hormones in Graves
|
PTU
|
|
prolongs QRS on ECG
|
Quinidine
|
|
anti-epileptic drug that causes vitamin D deficiency
|
Phenytoin
|
|
what is the first drug you should give an alcoholic in the ER?
|
IV Thiamine...
to prevent Werenicke's |
|
MCC of thrombocytopenia in hospital
|
Heparin
|
|
what is given to cancer patient after therapy to prevent gout?
|
Allopurinol
|
|
DOC for patient w/ HTN, HyperN and HypoK
|
Losartan
|
|
DOC for pulmonary edema
|
Loop diuretic
(decreases preload) |
|
DOC for urinary retention in patient w/ BPH
|
Prazosin
(a1-blocker) |
|
what should be given to mother to improve baby's health if mother is in premature labor and must deliver the baby?
|
Glucocorticoids
(for surfactant) |
|
DOC to eliminate calcium in pt w/ hypercalcemia
|
Loop diuretic
|
|
DOC to remove calcium from urine in pt w/ stone formation
|
Thiazide
|
|
toxicity that causes respiratory alkalosis then metabolic acidosis
|
Aspirin
|
|
DOC for ALL
|
Methotrexate
|
|
what antimetabolite/Ab combo is used to tx AML?
|
- Cytarabine
- Daunomycin |
|
where does ACE inh work in nephron?
|
blocks AT-II as vasoconstrictor of Efferent arteriole
|
|
cardiovascular drug that produces a giant U-wave and flat T-wave?
|
Quinidine
|
|
CV drug that prolongs PR interval and causes ST depression
|
Digitalis
|
|
what two anti-HTN classes should not be taken by someone who has increased lipids?
|
- b-Blockers
- Thiazides |
|
DOC for BPH
|
Finasteride
|
|
DOC for prostate CA
|
- Leuprolide
|
|
what drug used to treat RA has the side-effect of retinal degeneration?
|
Hydroxychloroquine
|
|
what treatment against dissecting aortic aneurysms is metabolized to cyanide?
|
Nitroprusside
|
|
DOC to treat muscle spasms by blocking calcium release from SR in skeletal muscle
|
Dantrolene
|
|
drug class that causes retrograde amnesia
|
Benzodiazepines
|
|
complication of a corticosteroid inhaler
|
oral thrush
|
|
DOC to prevent endocarditis in pt w/ valvular disease
|
Amoxicillin
|
|
what causes hairloss in a healthy woman?
|
side effect of oral contraceptives
|
|
what part of the cinical drug trials is the double-blind study?
|
Phase 3
|
|
what anti-HTN drug works on a 7-membrane spanning protein?
|
Propranolol
|
|
what does ACE inhibitor cause to increase in the serum?
(2) |
- Renin
- AT-1 |
|
teatment for Arsenic poisoning?
|
Dimercaprol
|
|
DOC for hepatic stage of malaria
|
Primaquine
|
|
treatment of Delerium Tremens
|
Benzodiazepines
|
|
DOC for esophageal candidiasis in AIDs pt
|
Fluconazole
|
|
DOC for open-angle glaucoma
|
- Timolol
|
|
a child ingests 30 aspirin. What is he most likely to get?
|
increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
|
|
elderly woman on Thiazides is at most risk for developing what?
|
Diabetes Mellitus
|
|
what NSAID property does acetaminophen not have?
|
anti-inflammatory
|
|
DOC for single dose against gonorrhea and chlamydia?
|
Azithromycin
|
|
DOC for malignant HTN?
|
Nitroprusside
|
|
anti-HTN that lowers BP and decreases heart rate by decreasing the afterload
|
Calcium channel blocker
|
|
drug that is good to alkalinize the urine in aspirin toxicity
|
Acetazolamide
|
|
DOC for HTN for african americans & systolic HTN in eldery
|
Thiazides
|
|
DOC for HTN in chronic renal failure or to flush out the tubular cells obstructing the lumen in acute renal failure
|
Loop diuretics
|
|
diuretic that treats hirsuitism
|
Spirolactone
|
|
DOC to tx HTN in pt w/ urinary retention from prostatic hyperplasia?
|
a-adrenergic blocker
|
|
two positive effects of estrogen
|
- lowers LDL
- increases bone density |
|
what affect does drug abuse w/ heroin have on the kidneys?
|
Focal segmental glomeruloscerosis
|
|
endings:
-tidine |
H2 antagonist
|
|
endings:
-azocin |
a1-Antagonist
|
|
endings:
-prazole |
proton pump inhibitors
|
|
endings:
-setron |
5HT-3 antagonist
(inhibit vomiting) |
|
patient w/ "irregular beat" gets anemic.
what drug? |
Quinidine
|
|
diabetic w/ GI distress & heartburn after meal.
what will help her? |
Prochlorperazine
|
|
best drug to releive anxiety w/o sedation?
|
Buspirone
|
|
patient on chemo and has blood in urine. From what drug?
|
Cyclophosphamide
|
|
pt gets treated for lung cancer and gets nephro and ototoxicity.
what drug? |
Cisplatin
|
|
pt has testicular tumor and begins to get pulmonary toxicity.
what drug? |
Bleomycin
|
|
pt treated for lymphoma & gets neurotoxicity.
what drug? |
Vincristine
|
|
what antibiotic causes pseudomembranous cholitis due to clostridium difficile?
What Ab can treat this? |
Clindamycin
Tx: Metronidazole |
|
used to treat PCP?
|
TMP-SMX
|
|
DOC for gonorrhea?
|
Ceftriaxone
|
|
MOA of vancomycin
|
inhibits cell wall mucopeptide
|
|
"Buy AT 30 CELL at 50"
|
30s:
Aminoglycosides Tetracycline 50s: Chloramphenicol Erythromycin cLindamycin Lincomycin |
|
AE of Trimethoprim
|
TMP : Treats Marrow Poorly
- Megaloblastic Anemia - Leukopenia - Granulocytopenia |
|
3 common bug that you treat w/ Metronidazole
|
GET on the Metro:
- Giardia - Entamoeba - Tricomonas |
|
2 AE of Isonazid
|
INH: Injures Neurons & Hepatocytes
|
|
Anti-fungal that "Breaks" holes in the membrane
|
Amphotericin "B"
|
|
DOC for Aspirgillosis
|
CASPofugin
|
|
DOC as an oral treatment for Tinea or Ringworm
|
for Growing worms & Foot cheese:
GriseoFulvin |
|
main AE with Protease inhibitors (Navirs) for HIV
|
GI upset
|
|
3 drug classes used for angina
|
- nitrates
- beta-blockers -calcium blockers |
|
heart medication that causes yellow vision
|
cardiac glycosides
|
|
2 uses of Digoxin
|
- CHF to increase contractility
- A-FIB to decrease conduction @ AV node |
|
drug used for acute ventricular arrhythmias & digitalis-induced arrhythmias
|
Lidocaine
|
|
drug that is contraindicated in post MI, but is used for V-Tach that progresses to V-fib
|
Flecainimide
|
|
4 K-channel blockers
|
BIAS to K-channels:
- Bretylium - Ibutilide - Amiodarone - Sotalol |
|
Amiodarone toxicity (3)
|
check PFT, LFT & TFT on Amiodarone:
- Pulmonary fibrosis - hepatotoxicity - hyper/hypothyroid |
|
what is the only class of heart drugs used to prevent nodal arrthymias?
what drug abolishes an existing nodal arrhthymia? |
calcium channel blockers
Adenosine |
|
prostaglandin analog for NSAID-induced peptic ulcers
|
Misoprostol
|
|
muscarinic antagonist for peptic ulcers
|
Pirenzepine
(MUSCular PIRates get ulcers at sea) |
|
DOC for Ulcerative colitis & Crohn's
What else is used to treat Crohne's? |
SulfaSALAZINE
another: Infliximab |
|
4 Thrombolytics
|
Thrombotics Tear-Up All Stoppage:
- TPA - Urokinase - APSAC - Streptokinase |
|
Anti-platelet that inhibits action of fibrinogen to bind platelets together
|
Clopidogrel
|
|
drug for acute gout that depolymerizes microtubule
|
Colchicine
|
|
5 Parkinson's drugs
|
Big BALS:
- Bromocriptine - Benztropine - Amantidine - L-dopa - Selegiline |
|
drug used for acute migraine & cluster headaches
|
Sumatriptan
|
|
DOC for absent seziure
|
Ethosuximide
|
|
3 Atypical antipsychotics
|
It's not ATYPICAL for OLd CLOsets to RISPER
- OLanzapine - CLOzapine - RISPERidone |
|
4 SSRIs
|
For Causing Plenty of Serotonin:
- Fluoxetine - Citalopram - Paroxetine - Sertraline |
|
drug used for infertility (pulsatile) & prostate cancer (continuous), or to decrease fibroids
|
Leuprolide
|