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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is Ritter's Syndrome?
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When S. aureus colonizes the Umbilicus of neonate and releases EXFOLIATIVE TOXIN = Scalded Skin Syndrome
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Novobiocin sensitive
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S. epidermidis
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Treatment for S. epidermidis
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Vancomycin
*most strains are resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins |
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Novobiocin resistant
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S. saprophyticus
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-"Sandpaper" rash that begins on the trunk and spreads outward
-"Strawberry" tongue within first 2 days -Desquamation of palms and soles after rash subsides |
S. pyogenes Scarlet Fever
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Explain Toxic Strep
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-Cellulitis infection
-systemic release of Exotoxin A = Superantigen -Polyclonal activation of T cells |
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Cause of Necrotizing Fasciitis due to Exotoxin B (a protease)
-rapid necrosis along fascial planes, sparing muscles |
S. pyogenes
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Gram + cocci, Catalase - that grows in 40% bile and 6.5% NaCl
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Enterococcus faecalis = highly drug resistant
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All Enterococci strain are resistant to what drug?
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Cephalosporins
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Gram + coccus which grows in bile but is susceptible to salt
-causes Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis -associated with Colon Cancer |
Strep BOVIS
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Optochin sensitive
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S. pneumo
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Rusty-colored sputum with right lower lob consolidation
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S. pneumo
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2 deficiencies that would make one susceptible to S. pneumo infections
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Asplenic
IgG2 |
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Age group in which S. pneumo is the most common cause of Meningitis
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> 60 years
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Optochin resistant microbe that causes dental caries and Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
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Strep mutans (Viridians)
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Optochin resistant microbe that causes brain/liver abscesses and Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
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Strep. Intermedius
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Food poisoning after eating reheated rice
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BAcillus cereus
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What are you ingesting after eating Bacillus Cereus reheated rice?
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Spores = bacteria form protective spores during high temperature cooking
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Has a Poly-D glutamic acid capsule
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B. anthracis
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3 toxins produced in B. anthracis
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1. Protective antigen (PA): binds cell membrane and mediates endocytic entry of EF or LF
2. Edema Factor (EF): activates Adenylate Cyclase 3. Lethal Factor (LF): cell death |
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Non-motile Clostridium species
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Perfringens
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Bacteria with Terminal Spores
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Clostridia
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Clostridia toxin that travels retrogradely on axons of peripheral motor neurons
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Tetanus
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Spastic paralysis
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Tetanus
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Double vision + Ptosis
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C. botulinum
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Toxins present in Canned foods
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C. botulinum
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What does infant ingest in Floppy baby syndrome?
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SPORES of C. botulinum
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What does an adult ingest in Adult Botulism?
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Heat-labile TOXINS
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Inhibits GABA release
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C. tetanus
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Inhibits Acetycholine release
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C. botulinum
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How does C. difficile survive antibiotic treatment?
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forms spores which germinate after antibiotic treatment is over
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How does C. difficile cause Watery diarrhea and Pseudomembranous Colitis?
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Diarrhea = toxin A alter fluid secretion
PMC = Toxin B is cytotoxic to epithelial cells *only release toxins in LOG phase |
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Air bubbles below the skin that generate a crackling sound when touched (crepitus)
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C. perfringens
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Lecithinase (alpha toxin) that causes muscle cell necrosis
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C. perfringens
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Gas gangrene
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C. perfringens
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Gram + rod with tumbling motility
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Listeria
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Only Gram + with endotoxin
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Listeria
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Listeria and B-hemolytic Strep appear similar on blood agar...how do you differentiate?
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Listeria is Catalase +
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Tellurite agar
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C. diphtheria
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Gram + rod with "chinese letter" appearance
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C. diphtheria
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Where is Diphtheria toxin derived?
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Phage
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Gram + filament
Obligate Anaerobe |
Actinomyces israelii
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Yellow Sulfur granules
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Actinomyces
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Draining sinus tracts after dental work
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Actinomyces
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Gram + filament that forms abscesses in mouth, lungs, GI, GU
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Actinomyces
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Gram + filament that is weakly acid fast
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Nocardia
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Caseous granuloma in lung containing Gram + filaments
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Nocardia
-Obligate Aerobe **Nagging Pests Must Breathe |
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Kidney-bean shaped diplococci
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N. meningitidis
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Maltose and Glucose oxidizer
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N. meningitidis
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Most common cause of meningitis in 6-60 year olds
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N. meningitidis
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Thayer-Martin media
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Neisseria
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Meningococcemia with petechial rash
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N. menigitidis
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Site where B-lactamases reside
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periplasmic space
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Most common cause of septic arthritis in sexually active people
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N. gonorrhoeae
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Dysuria + yellow urethral discharge
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N. gonorrhoeae
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Glucose oxidizer only
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N. gonorrhoeae
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What does N. gonorrhoeae specialized Pili provide?
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1. ANTIGENIC VARIATION
2. mucosal attachment 3. prevents phagocytosis |
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Ophthalmia Neonatorum = risk for blindness
How to prevent? Why is vaccine difficult? |
N. gonorrhoeae
prophylactic Erythromycin eye drops for neonates pili antigen variation |
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What is Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome?
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when N. gonorrhoeae spill into the Peritoneal cavity from the fallopian tubes and infect the Liver Capsule
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Treatment for N. gonorrhoeae
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Ceftriaxone
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When is there a higher incidence of infection with N. gonorrhoeae?
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Menstruation
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Alcoholic produces bloody "currant-jelly" sputum
CXR shows Right Upper Lobe inflammation with cavities Rx? |
Klebsiella pneumonia
3rd generation Cephalosporin = Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Ceftazadime |
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Gram - rods
Lactose fermenter large Capsule |
Klebsiella
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E. coli LT toxin mode of action
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ADP ribosylates Gs = activates Adenylate Cyclase = high cAMP = watery diarrhea
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E. coli ST toxin mode of action
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activates Guanylate cyclase = high cGMP = low cotransport of NaCl into cells = water remains in lumen = watery diarrhea
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E. coli shiga-like toxin mode of action
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inactivates 60S ribosome = block protein synthesis = cell death
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2 E.coli species that produce Shiga-like toxin
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EHEC
EIEC |
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Gram - rod that is motile and produces H2S
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Salmonella
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Gram - rod that causes Osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell patients
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Salmonella typhi
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Fever with enlarged spleen and generally tender abdomen with red macules
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Salmonella typhi
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Stored in Gall bladder
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S. typhi
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Vi polysaccharide capsule
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Salmonella = allows it to survive in phagocytes in Peyer's Patches
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Diarrhea and vomiting after playing with a turtle
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Salmonella Enteritidis
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Non-motile Gram - rod
Lactose - Oxidase - |
Shigella
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Microbe whose antigen is used to diagnose Rickettsia in the Weil-Felix reaction
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Proteus vulgaris O antigen
-the antigens cross-react with a patient's serum Ab's against Rickettsia |
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Urease +
Gram - rod "swarming growth" |
Proteus Mirabilis
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Most common cause of UTI in nursing home patients with indwelling catheters
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Providencia
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Gram - rods
Lactose fermenter large Capsule |
Klebsiella
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E. coli LT toxin mode of action
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ADP ribosylates Gs = activates Adenylate Cyclase = high cAMP = watery diarrhea
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E. coli ST toxin mode of action
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activates Guanylate cyclase = high cGMP = low cotransport of NaCl into cells = water remains in lumen = watery diarrhea
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E. coli shiga-like toxin mode of action
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inactivates 60S ribosome = block protein synthesis = cell death
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2 E.coli species that produce Shiga-like toxin
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EHEC
EIEC |
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Gram - rod that is motile and produces H2S
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SalMonella = capital M = motile
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Gram - rod that causes Osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell patients
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Salmonella typhi
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Fever with enlarged spleen and generally tender abdomen with red macules
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Salmonella typhi = Typhoid Fever
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Stored in Gall bladder
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S. typhi
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Vi polysaccharide capsule
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Salmonella
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Diarrhea and vomiting after playing with a turtle
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Salmonella Enteritidis
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Non-motile Gram - rod
Lactose - Oxidase - |
Shigella
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Microbe whose antigen is used to diagnose Rickettsia in the Weil-Felix reaction
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Proteus vulgaris O antigen
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Urease +
Gram - rod |
Proteus Mirabilis
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Most common cause of UTI in nursing home patients with indwelling catheters
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Providencia
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Rice water diarrhea after eating raw seafood
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V. parahaemolyticus
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Grows yellow on TCBS agar
Comma-shaped Gram - rod with single flagella |
Vibrio cholera
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Cholera toxin mode of action
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ADP ribosylates Gs = activates AC = high cAMP = cells secrete Cl- = fluid follows = watery diarrhea
**carried on a Bacteriophage **BCDE -Botulinum toxin -Cholera toxin -Diphtheria toxin -Erythrogenic toxin of S. pyogenes |
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Gram - bacillus
Lactose - Oxidase + Glucose + |
Vibrio cholera
*Pseudomonas is Glucose - |
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P. aeruginosa Exotoxin A MOA
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ADP ribosylates EF-2 = inhibits protein synthesis
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Endemic in SE Asia and infected Vietnam veterans
-fever -bloody sputum -pneumonia |
P. pseudomallei
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Osteomyelitis in Diabetic or IV drug user
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P. aeruginosa
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Malignant External Otitis
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P. aeruginosa
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Folliculitis after a night in the hot tub
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P. aeruginosa
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Blue/green colonies with fruity odor
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P. aeruginosa
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Gram - bacilli
Lactose - Motile at 25' C, not at 37' C Blood diarrhea |
Y. enterocolitica
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Mesenteric adenitis mimicing Apendicitis
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Yersinia enterocolitica
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Safety-pin bipolar staining appearance
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Y. pestis
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transmitted to humans from rodents by fleas -> phagocytosed -> transported to regional lymph nodes -> multiplies & stimulates inflammation -> regional lymphadenitis often in groin
within macrophages capsular F1 antigen prevents phagocytosis -> intracellular replication, spread -> invades spleen, skin, liver, lungs -> endotoxin causes DIC -> cutaneous hemorrhagic necrosis causing black color (Black Death = Bubonic Plague) |
y. pestis
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What do vaccines for Y. pestis produce antibodies against?
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F1 capsular antigen
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