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164 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Describe how to avoid the propeller(s) when approaching an aircraft. |
Approach fixed-wingaircraft from the rear |
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Whois responsible for seat belt use in the aircraft? |
pilot and jumper |
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Whenmust seat belts be fastened? |
movement on the surface(taxi), takeoff, and landing |
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Fromwhom do you take directions in the event of an aircraft problem? |
my instructor |
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Whyis it important to exit on “Go!” (or “Arch!”)? |
AFF and tandem students:helps student and instructors to leave at the same time all students: to leaveat the right place over the ground ` |
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Wheredoes the wind come from initially upon exit from the aircraft?_ |
Ahead |
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Whydo skydivers first learn to fall stable face to earth (think in terms of theequipment)? |
best position fordeployment |
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Whatdoes a canopy do immediately following a turn? |
Dives |
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Whatare the landing priorities? |
a. Land with the wing leveland flying in a straight line. b. Land in a clear and open area, avoiding obstacles. c.Flare to at least the half-brake position. d. Perform a parachute landing fall (PLF) |
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.What is the purpose of the landing flare? |
convert forward speed tolift |
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Describethe procedure for a hard landing (parachute landing fall or PLF). |
Student should demonstrate:feet and knees together, hands and elbows in, roll on landing. ` |
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Whomust directly supervise your student training jumps? |
USPA Instructor rated formy discipline |
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Whatis your most important task when in freefall? |
altitude awareness torecognize and act at the assigned pull altitude |
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Whatare the maximum winds in which any student may jump? |
-ten mph for a round reservecanopy; -14 mph for a ram-air reserve, -waiverable by an S&TA |
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Howwould you clear a pilot chute hesitation? |
Change body position tomodify the air flow over my back |
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Inthe event of a canopy problem,students should decide and act about executing emergency procedures by what altitude? |
2,500 feet |
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Howwould you address the following routine opening problems? Line Twist: |
Before releasing thebrakes, spread risers or twist risers to transfer line twist to risers, kick inopposite direction, watch altitude to 2,500 feet. |
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How would you address the following routine opening problems? Slider up: |
Pump rear risers orsteering controls at the bottom of the stroke while watching altitude to 2,500feet |
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How would you address the following routine opening problems?End-cell closure: |
Pull toggles to flareposition and hold (or pull down rear risers and hold)and watch altitude. If stubborn, determine controllability with turn and flareby 2,500 feet. |
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How would you address the following routine opening problems? Broken steering or suspension lines: |
Determine controllabilityand ability to flare by 2,500 feet. |
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How would you address the following routine opening problems? Pilot chute entanglements, Canopy damage: |
Determine controllability and ability to flare by 2,500 feet. |
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How would you address the following routine opening problems? Canopy turning after deployment: |
Be sure both brakes arereleased |
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Whatis the appropriate action if below 1,000 feet without a landable parachute? |
Immediately deploy thereserve parachute, but not below 1,000 feet with an SOS system |
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Ifthe pilot chute goes over the front of the canopy after it has opened, how canyou tell if it’s a malfunction? |
If the canopy flares andturns correctly, it is probably safe to land. |
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Whatis the correct response to an open container in freefall using a hand-deployedsystem? |
no more than two tries ortwo seconds to locate and deploy the main pilot chute; if no success, cut awayand deploy the reserve |
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Ifpart of the deployed parachute is caught on the jumper or the equipment(horseshoe),what is the correct response? |
Cut away and deploy thereserve. |
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Ifthe pilot chute extracts the deployment bag from the parachute container(backpack) but the deployment bag fails to release the parachute canopy forinflation, what is the correct response? |
. Cut away and deploy thereserve. |
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Whatare the compass headings of the runway nearest the DZ at your airport? |
local runway headings (?? ) |
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Describethe three legs of the canopy landing pattern with relation to the winddirection. |
Local pattern entryaltitude: Enter at 1000 to downwind (with wind) Enter base at 600 (across the wind) Enter final at 300 (against wind) |
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Whatcompass directions do the runway heading numbers represent(northeast-southwest; north-south, etc.)? |
cardinal directions of thereference runway |
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Howlong is the longest runway at your airport? |
local runway length |
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Atwhat altitude over the ground do aircraft enter the traffic pattern at yourairport? |
local pattern entryaltitude |
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Whyis it undesirable to land off the end of a runway? |
approaching and departingaircraft |
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Inflat and stable freefall at terminal velocity, how long does it take an averagejumper to fall 1,000 feet? |
5.5 seconds |
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Whatis the correct procedure for recovering from instability to the belly-to-earthposition? |
altitude, arch legs, relax |
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Whichis better, to pull at the planned altitude or to fall lower to get stablebefore pulling? |
Pull at the plannedaltitude, regardless of stability. |
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Whatis the purpose of the wave-off beforedeployment? |
to signal other jumpers |
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Whatis the purpose of the parachutelanding fall (PLF), and why is it important for skydivers? |
It protects against hardlandings, and all skydivers have hard landings |
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Whatpart of the landing pattern is most dangerous to skydivers? |
the intersection of thebase and final approach legs |
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Howdo higher wind speeds affect the planned landing pattern as compared to thepattern plan for a calm day? |
shortens the finalapproach, shortens the base leg, lengthens the downwind leg, and places theplanned pattern entry point farther upwind |
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Inmoderately strong winds, how far downwind of an obstacle would you expect tofind turbulence? |
10-20 times the height ofthe obstacle |
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Whatis the best procedure to use when flying your canopy in turbulent conditions? |
Keep the canopy flying in astraight line at full flight |
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Whatweather conditions and wind direction(s) are most likely to cause turbulence atyour drop zone? |
according to the locallanding area and obstacles |
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Whyis it important to protect your parachute system operation handles when in andaround the aircraft? |
keeps them in place andprevents accidental or premature deployment |
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Describethe equipment pre-flight strategy to use before putting on your gear. |
. top to bottom, back tofront |
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Howdoes the three-ring main canopy release system disconnect themain parachute from the harness? |
Pull the cables to releasethe cloth loop. |
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Howdo you know if a reserve parachute has been packed by an FAA rigger within thelast 180 days? |
information found on thereserve packing data card |
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How do you know the reserve container has not been opened since the FAA riggerlast closed it? |
rigger’s packing seal onthe reserve ripcord l> |
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Ifthe surface winds are blowing from west to east, which direction will you faceto fly the downwind leg of the landing pattern |
east |
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Whatis the wing loading of the parachute you will use on your next jump? |
Divide the exit weight bythe square footage. |
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Whichcanopy size (same model design) will exhibit quicker control response? a.210-square feet with a 210-pound jumper (geared up) b.170 square feet with a 170-pound jumper (geared up) |
170 square feet/170 pounds |
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Whenis it OK to attempt a stand-up landing? |
when the jumper has controlof all the variables and has executed a good flare at the appropriate altitude |
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Forplanned deployment initiation at 3,000 feet, approximately how long should anaverage-sized jumper fall after exiting at 5,000 feet? |
15 seconds |
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Whatis the most appropriate responseto loss of heading control in freefall? |
altitude, arch, legs, relax |
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Whatis the best way to avoid a canopy collision when turning? |
Look first in the directionof the turn. |
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Whatis the quickest and safest way to change heading immediately after opening? |
rear riser turn with thebrakes still set |
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Howwould you steer a parachute that has a broken brake line? |
use the rear risers |
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.How would you prepare to land a canopy using the rear risers to flare? |
practice with rear-riserflares at altitude with that canopy during a routine jump |
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Describeyour procedure for landing on a buildinga |
Disconnect the RSL (iftime), contact the building feet first, PLF, cut away after landing on top of abuilding, wait for competent help. |
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Whatis the purpose of the automatic activation device? |
to back up the jumper’semergency procedures |
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Describethe “check of threes.” |
Check three-ring releasesystem for correct assembly and RSL; three points of harness attachment forsnap ssembly or correct routing andadjustment; three operation handles—main activation, cutaway, reserve. |
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Whatmust the spotter do to determine what is directly underneath the aircraft whileon jump run? |
place head completelyoutside the aircraft and look straight down |
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Howfar horizontally must jumpers be from any cloud?a. below 10,000 feet MSL? |
2,000 feet |
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Howfar horizontally must jumpers be from any cloud? 10,000feet MSL and above? |
one mile |
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Whatare the minimum visibility requirements?a. below 10,000 feet MSL? |
three miles |
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Whatare the minimum visibility requirements? b.10,000feet MSL and above? |
5 miles |
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Whois responsible for a jumper observing cloud clearance requirements? |
jumper and pilot |
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Accordingto the BSRs, what is the latest a student may jump? |
All student jumps must becompleted by sunset. |
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Describethe technique for determining the point straight below the aircraft during jumprun. |
Determine two lines fromthe horizon, one ahead and one abreast, and find the intersection of those twolines. |
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Whatmust the jumper look for below before exiting the aircraft? |
clouds and other aircraft |
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Whathappens to a jumper’s fall rate when performing rolls, loops, or otherfreeflying maneuvers? |
fall rate increases |
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Whathappens to a visual altimeter when it’s in the jumper’s burble? |
reads unreliably |
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Whatis the best way to recover from a stall to full glide? |
Smoothly raise thecontrols. |
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Describean aerodynamic stall as it applies to a ram-air canopy. |
stable state of decreasedglide and increased rate of descent |
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Whendoes a dynamic stall occur? |
at the end of a flare whenthe jumper begins to rock back under the canopy |
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Whathappens after a dynamic stall if the tail is held lower than the nose? |
full stall |
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Whatis the best way to determine a canopy’s optimum flare speed and depth forlanding? |
Practice different ratesof flare entry at different depthsof flare |
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Describeyour procedure for landing in high winds. |
Stay well downwind of anyobstacle, face into the wind early, disconnect the RSL, land with a PLF, pullone toggle down completely, and after landing, cut away if necessary. |
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Howmany A-lines does a nine-cell canopy have? |
ten |
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Towhat part of the canopy do the steering lines (brake lines) connect? |
tail or trailing edge |
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Whatlines go through the rear slider grommets? |
C, D, and brakes |
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Wheredoes the main pilot chute bridle attach to the canopy? |
. top center |
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Whomay pack a main parachute? |
FAA rigger, person jumpingthe parachute, person under rigger’s supervision |
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Howoften do the main and reserve parachute need to be packed? |
every 180 days |
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Whois in command of the aircraft? |
pilot |
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Name two purposes for wearing seat belts in an aircraft |
to maintain the correctbalance; protection in a crash |
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Whois responsible that the aircraft is in condition for safe flight? |
pilot |
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Abovewhat altitude MSL is the pilot of an unpressurized aircraft required to breathesupplemental oxygen? |
14,00 feet |
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Abovewhat altitude MSL are all occupants of an unpressurized aircraft required to beprovided with supplemental oxygen? |
15,000 feet |
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Inan aircraft with the exit door near the back, what must jumpers do to maintainthe balance during exit procedures? |
remain forward until it istime for their group to exit |
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Whatis the biggest danger to a jumper when flying the canopy pattern? |
other canopies |
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Whatis the best way to avoid a canopy collision? |
see and remain clear ofother jumperss |
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Howdoes the RSL work? |
forms a separable linkbetween the main riser and reserve ripcord so that cutting away the mainactivates the reserve, if the RSL is hooked up |
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Whatwould happen if the main riser attached to the RSL breaks? |
The reserve deploys withthe main still attached by the other riser. |
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Whatis the best way to prevent risers from breaking? |
inspection and maintenance;correct packing, tight line stowage, and stable deployment, all to preventhard openings |
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Nameone way to prevent a dual deployment. |
a. Deploy the main chute at the correct altitude to avoid AAD activation. b. Initiate malfunctionprocedures high enough to cut away safely and avoid AAD c. Maintain and correctlyoperate hand-deployed pilot chutes, especially collapsibles.d. Protect equipment beforeexit to prevent pins or handles from being knocked loose. e.Maneuver gently below the AAD’s firing range |
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27.What is generally the best action to take in the following two-canopy-outscenarios ?a. Biplane |
Release the brakes on thefront canopy only and steer that canopy gently; PLF. |
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Whatis generally the best action to take in the following two-canopy-out scenarios? b.Side by side |
Release the brakes on thedominant canopy only and steer that canopy gently;or release the RSL (if time) and cut away; PLF. |
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What is generally the best action to take in the following two-canopy-out scenarios ? c.Downplane |
Release the RSL (if time)and cut away. (SIM 5-1.E) |
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1.What is the best way to change the direction of canopy flight while conservingthe most altitude? |
braked turns |
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Whathappens if a canopy is controlled too deeply in the brakes? |
stalls |
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Describethe difference between flaring from half brakes and full glide. |
Flaring from half brakesrequires a quicker stroke, the stroke is shorter, and stalls occur sooner |
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Howdoes the half-braked position affect the canopy’s flight? |
slows descent, changesglide |
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Whatis a glide path? |
The angle at which theparachute descends towards its projected landing point. |
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Howdo you determine your glide path? |
Look ahead to find thepoint on the ground that appears not to rise or sink. |
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Howdoes wind affect the glide path? |
The glide path will becomesteeper as the wind decreases when flying with the wind. The glide path willbecome steeper as the wind speed increases when flying into the wind. |
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Howis heading corrected during a track? |
Dip one shoulder slightlyin the direction of the turn. |
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Whenmaking tracking jumps from a large plane, why is it important to trackperpendicular to the jump run? |
to avoid other groups aheadand behind |
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Whatis the ground speed of a jump aircraft with a true airspeed of 90 knots whenflying against a 50-knot headwind on jump run? |
40 knots |
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How can jumpers assure adequate separation between groups exiting the aircraft?? |
gauge separation accordingto position over the ground |
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Whatare the three most important aspects of packing the main canopy? |
lines straight and in placein the center, slider up, tight line stows |
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Howcan you tell if the RSL is routed correctly? |
clear path from snapshackle to guide ring |
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Whatis the make and model of parachute system you are jumping? |
a.Main canopy?b.Harness and container system? c.Automatic activation device? |
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Whatis the minimum pull altitude allowed for student skydivers and A licenseholders? |
3,000 feet |
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Whatare the maximum winds allowed for student skydivers? |
14 mph |
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Ifa jumper falls for one minute through upper winds averaging 30 mph from thewest how far will the jumper drift? |
1/2 mile |
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Ifa jumper falls for one minute through upper winds averaging 30 mph from thewest in which direction will the jumper drift? |
east |
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Describeyour procedure for landing in power lines. |
Avoid the area early duringthe descent, minimum braked turn necessary to avoid lines, land parallel to thewires, braked landing, prepare for PLF,try to touch only one line at a time, wait for help and confirmation that the powerhas been turned off and will remain off until recovery operations are complete. |
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Inthe event of an aircraft emergency with no students or instructors aboard, whoshould coordinate procedures between the pilot and the other jumpers on theload? |
jumpmaster, or spotter |
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Atyour drop zone, what is the lowest altitude the pilot would likely ask jumpersto leave the plane during a routine engine-out ްemergency? |
DZ policy |
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Inan aircraft emergency, what is the lowest exit altitude that you would deployyour main parachute before choosing the reserve instead? |
school policy |
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Howmany jumps are required for the USPA A license? |
25 |
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Whatdoes a USPA A license permit a skydiver to do? |
jump without supervision,pack his or her own main parachute, engage in basic groupjumps, and perform water jumps |
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Whatshould an A-licensed jumper do to regain currency after a ten-week period ofinactivity? |
make at least one jumpunder the supervision of a USPA instructional rating holder |
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Whatshould an A-licensed jumper do to regain currency after a four-month period ofinactivity? |
make at least one jumpbeginning in Category D with a USPA AFF Instructor or in Category B with aUSPA IAD Static-Line, or TandemInstructor before proceeding to unsupervised |
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Whatis the primary directional control when moving forward to dock in freefall? |
. legs |
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Whatis the minimum break-off altitude for freefall in groups of five or fewer? |
1,500 feet above planneddeployment altitude |
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Whatis the danger of entering a toggle turn too quickly? |
line twist |
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Whatdoes a canopy do after completing a maximum input toggle turn? |
dives |
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Whatare the three biggest dangers of a hard toggle turn near the ground? |
line twist, collision withjumpers, collision with the ground |
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Whatare the first things to do in the event of a collision and entanglement withanother jumper? |
check altitude, establishcommunication |
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Whatis the most critical aspect of closing the main container equipped with ahand-deployed pilot chute? |
bridle routing andplacement |
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Whyis it a bad idea to drag the harness and container system when stowing thelines? |
unnecessary wear on thethree-ring release webbing and loops |
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Whenvelcro is used on the brake system, why is it a good idea to place your togglesback on the velcro after you land? |
covers the hook velcro,which can damage other components, prevents tangles |
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Whomay maintain a main parachute system? |
FAA rigger |
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Whyis it bad to leave a parachute in the sun? |
Ultraviolet rays degradenylon |
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Whatdamage could occur from storing a parachute for prolonged periods in a carduring the summer? |
shorter life for AADbatteries, stow band degradation |
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Whathappens to velcro touch fastener when it is used frequently?" |
loses tackiness |
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Whathappens to stiffened tuck flaps that are frequently used? |
distortion |
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Whopublishes and enforces rules regarding parachute packing and parachutemaintenance? |
FAA |
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Whatmay result if recovering altitude (floating up) under a freefall formation? |
collision with formation,funnel |
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Whatextra consideration is required when wearing an AAD near the open door of anaircraft or when climbing out? |
AAD activation near theopen door of an aircraft presents a dangerous situation. |
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Whyis it important to remain clear of the area directly above and below otherjumpers in freefall? |
possibility of AAD activationor other accidental or unplanned pack opening |
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Whyis it important to maintain an automatic activation device to themanufacturer’s standards? |
to improve their chancesfor correct operation, to help prevent premature AAD activations, to complywith the law |
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Whatis the correct response to a canopy entanglement with another jumper below1,000 feet if it appears the two canopies cannot be separated in time for a safe landing? |
Deploy the reserve (may notbe a safe option with an SOS system). |
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Describeyour procedure for landing in trees. |
Face into the wind, preparefor PLF, flare to half brakes, protect face and under arms, waitfor help |
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Whatdoes a tall cumulus cloud indicate? |
thunderstorms in the area |
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Whatis the most dangerous part of an incoming front for aircraft and skydivers? |
thunderstorms in the gustfront; rapid and significant changes in winds |
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Howdoes a canopy’s air speed, ground speed, and descent rate change with anincrease in density altitude? |
each will increase |
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Whyis it important to look ahead during a swoop toward other jumpers in freefall? |
to see others and avoid acollision |
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Whatis the fastest way to slow down from a freefall swoop approach? |
slow fall position witharms forward and knees down |
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Whatis the danger of a loose or worn main container closing loop? |
premature deployment |
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Whymust three-ring release cables be cleaned periodically? |
Sludge-like dirt and oildeposits cause them to bind. |
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Ifyou see that you have begun to turn too low to the ground for a safe landing,what should be your first response? |
Neutralize the turn and getthe canopy overhead. |
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Whateffect does pulling on the front risers have on the canopy? |
dramatic increase in rateof descent |
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Whenperforming front riser maneuvers, what should you do with the toggles? |
Keep them in your hands |
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Whatare the two biggest dangers of front-riser maneuvers near the ground? |
collisions with otherjumpers, collision with the ground |
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Whatare some of the possible results of a turn made too low to the ground? |
serious injury or death |
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Describeyour procedure for landing in water. |
Inflate flotation device,disconnect chest strap and RSL, prepare for PLF, face into wind, flare, holdbreath, cut away once feet are wet, remove leg straps, swim upwind; if underthe canopy, dive deep and swim away or follow one seam until out from underneath. |
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Whatis the maximum percentage of visible wear allowable on a main closing loop? |
ten percent |
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Cana jump be legally made from an aircraft without an operating radio? |
no |
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Whatis the least notification the FAA requires before any jump or series of jumpsmay be made? |
one hour |
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Wherecan a pilot look to determine if a plane is approved for flight with the doorremoved? |
AC 105.2, Appendix 2, oraircraft owner’s manual |
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Whosename will the FAA requirewhen filing a notification for parachute jumping? |
person giving notice |