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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The active child |
- Participants in their own development - Infants scan paths change increasingly during the early periods, more detailed - Newborns cannot hear soft sounds as well adults, but are fairly good at determining the location of the sound |
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Piaget'stheory |
- The sensorimotor stage (birth to age 2) - The preoperational stage (age 2 to about age 7) - The concrete operational stage (age 7 to 11) - The formal operational stage, which begins in adolescence and spans into adulthood. |
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How many substages in the Sensorimotor |
6 |
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Substage 1 (birth-1 month)
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- Modify reflexes - Centred on own body |
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Substage 2 (1-4 months) |
- Organize reflexes - Integrate actions |
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Substage 3 (4-8 months) |
- Repetition of actions resulting in pleasurable or interesting results - Object permanence |
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Substage 4 (8-12 months) |
- Begin searching for hidden objects
- Fragile mental representations - A-Not-B Error |
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Substage 5 (12-18 months) |
Active exploration of potential use of objects
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Substage 6 (18-24 months)
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Enduring mental representations. Children understand the change of hiding place and can adjust to suit
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Piaget Legacy Positives |
A good overview of children's thinking at different pts. Broad spectrum of development and ages Fascinating observations
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Piaget Legacy Negatives
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- Stage model depicts children's thinking as more consistent then it is
- Infants and young children are more cognitively competent than Piaget recognised - Piaget's theory is vague about the cognitive process that give rise to children's thinking and about the mechanisms that produce cognitive growth hence, information procession accounts of development change. |
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Core knowledge theories
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- Areas of cognition relevant in human evolution - Children are born with many specialized - not only general - learning abilities |
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CKS includes |
- Domain specific - Task Specific - Encapsulated |
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Domain specific |
- Infant informal theories (present at birth) (object, actions, biology, number, space, psychology)
- Limited as each system represents only a small subset of the things and events that the infants perceive |
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Task specific
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- Limited as each system functions to solve a limited set of problems. E.g. Impossible task experiments
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Encapsulated
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Each system operates with a fair degree of independence from other cognitive systems.
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Spelke - Initial knowledge: Six suggestions
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- Knowledge emerges in early development
- Initial knowledge is domain specific - Initial knowledge is constrained - Initial knowledge is innate - Initial knowledge constitutes the core of mature knowledge - Initial knowledge is task specific |
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The weight of the brain during development |
- At birth brain is 25% of adult weight, at 2 years brain is 75%. |