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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Spoken from India to Europe at the dawn of recorded history, the ancestor of English is called _______.
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Proto-Indo-European
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Speakers of Latin were vigorous people notable for their _______.
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migrations over most of Europe and parts of Asia
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Post-Roman invaders of Britain whose language was a distant relative of English were the _______.
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Angles and Saxons
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The Roman occupation of Britain influenced the names the Anglo-Saxons gave their _______.
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cities.
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The conversion of the Angles and Saxons to Christianity played an important role int he development of the English language because _______.
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Latin was the language of the Christian church
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Evidence of close combat between the Vikings and the English can be seen in the _______.
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number of everyday Norse words used in English
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Old English grammar differs from Modern English in that the ancient language depends mainly on _______.
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word form
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Although Old English was chiefly an oral language, Anglo-Saxon scribes kept written records in a script learned from _______.
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Celtic missionaries
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Around the year 1000, Old English pronunciation changed when _______.
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distinct vowel sounds at the ends of words were dropped
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We know abut the trend toward merging unstressed vowel sounds through _______.
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spelling errors in manuscripts.
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Gender-marked language was changed in Middle English by _______.
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dropping gender word endings.
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As Middle English evolved from Old English it
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used fewer endings to show plurals.
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To a greater extent than Old English, Middle English indicated meaning through
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word order
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The political event that had long-lasting consequences for the development of the English language was the
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Norman Conquest
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Under Norman rule, Mid English became the language of the
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common people
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England was a bilingual country where people spoke and wrote both English and Norman French--each by different classes and for specific ares of life--for about
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300 years
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What event helped English become the primary language of England?
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The 100 Years War intensified patriotic feelings for the language.
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Old Eng, the Anglo-Saxon language, has given us
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our basic vocabulary.
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The Modern English period began with the reign of the
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Tudors
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The person who printed the first books in English was
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William Caxton
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Early Modern English varies least from earlier forms in its
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grammar
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The greatest change between Mid and Early Modern English was the
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pronunciation of long vowels
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Many major changes in language are
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inexplicable
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The beginning of the extension of English to the far corners of the globe occurred during the reign of
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Elizabeth I
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The increased exporation and commerce during the Early Modern English period resulted in
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A continuous shifting of vowels
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Among the varieties of language, standard language is
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Used widely throughout a country
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The Early Modern English standard language was least influenced by
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farmers
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The widely used form of Early Modern English is sometimes called Chancey Standard due to
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the influence of a particular court (Chancey)
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We need annotations to read Shakespeare's works because
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word meanings have changed
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Shakespeare's use of contractions differs from ours because he
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contracted some pronouns as well as other words
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We know that some pronunciations in Shakespeare's day differ from ours by examining
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the iambic rhythm of his lines
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The grammar of Shakespeare's time was
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mostly the same as ours, with numerous minor differences
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In Shakespeare's time, verbs witha special ending -st were used when the subject was
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thou
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Compared to Modern English, Shakespeare's English offered a wider choice of
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past participles
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One way in which Shakespeare's vocab was more complex than today's was int he number of words available to indicate
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place
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"Inkhorn terms" are words borrowed from
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classical languages
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The trickiest words that Shakespeare uses
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look familiar but have different meanings today
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55 BCE: ______________
Chaucer + Canterbury Tales Angles + Saxons Arrive Normans invade Romans leave KJB St Augustine introduces Christianity Viking raids Romans arrive under ________ Shakespeare Printing press |
Romans arrive under Julius Caesar
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Island called: _______
Chaucer + Canterbury Tales Angles + Saxons Arrive Normans invade Romans leave KJB St Augustine introduces Christianity Viking raids Shakespeare Printing press |
Britain
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407 CE: _______________
Chaucer + Canterbury Tales Angles + Saxons Arrive Normans invade Romans leave KJB St Augustine introduces Christianity Viking raids Shakespeare Printing press |
Romans leave
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449 CE: _____________
Chaucer + Canterbury Tales Angles + Saxons Arrive Normans invade KJB St Augustine introduces Christianity Viking raids Shakespeare Printing press |
Angles & Saxons Arrive
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597: _________________
Chaucer + Canterbury Tales Normans invade KJB St Augustine introduces Christianity Viking raids Shakespeare Printing press |
St Augustine introduces Christianity
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700s: _________
Chaucer + Canterbury Tales Normans invade KJB Viking raids Shakespeare Printing press |
Viking raids
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1066: _______________
Chaucer + Canterbury Tales Normans invade KJB Shakespeare Printing press |
Normans invade and conquer
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1300s: _____________
Chaucer + Canterbury Tales KJB Shakespeare Printing press |
Chaucer & CANTERBURY TALES
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1476: _____________
KJB Shakespeare Printing press |
Printing press
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1564: ____________
KJB Shakespeare |
William Shakespeare
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1611: _________
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KJB
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English began as a _______ language.
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Germanic
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English was heavily influenced by ______ since 597 and ______ since 1066.
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Latin, French
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Which two events were most influential in standardizing English dialect and grammar?
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The printing press and KJB
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