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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Javan |
Japheth's son from whom the Greeks are descended. |
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Minoans |
The earliest civilization in the area of Greece. Settled on the island of Crete. They were sea traders on the Aegean Sea from about 1600-1400 BC. |
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Knossos |
Location on Crete where a large palace with an impressive plumbing system existed. |
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Mycenaeans |
Lived on the mainland of Greece from about 1600-1200 BC. Used the sea for piracy and war. Burned the city of Troy after a 10 year war. |
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Dorians |
Invader into Greece from the north |
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Homer |
The blind, Greek poet, whose work greatly influenced the new Greek culture. Known for refining the stories, The Iliad and The Odyssey. |
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Mount Olympus |
Where Greek gods lived |
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Zeus |
Kings of all the Greek gods |
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Apollo |
Greek god associated with the sun |
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Poseidon |
Greek god associated with the water |
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Artemis |
Greek god associated with the moon |
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Athena |
Greek goddess of wisdom |
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Aphrodite |
Greek goddess of love and beauty |
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Hera |
Greek goddess of marriage, wife of Zeus |
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Achilles and Odysseus |
Great warriors in Greek mythology |
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Polis |
Tribes and villages joined together to form these city-states |
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Acropolis |
Hilltop fortress surrounded by a polis. Provided refuge from enemy attack, served as seat of government and religion. |
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Agora |
The marketplace - a busy place of commerce, conversation, and politics |
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Olympic Games |
Began in 776 BC, and held every four years in honor of Zeus |
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Thrace (north of the Aegean Sea) and Ionia (east of the Aegean Sea) |
Greek colonies began spreading out and settled in these areas around the Aegean Sea. |
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Darius I |
Persian King who crushed the Ionian revolt and demanded mainland Greeks submit to him. |
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Athens, Eretria and Sparta |
The Greek cities that refused to submit to Persian King Darius' I demands. |
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The Battle of Marathon |
The name of the battle where the Persians invaded, but were driven back by the Athens and defeated. |
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Xerxes I |
Son of Darius I, assembled what may have been the largest military force the world had ever seen in order to avenge his father and conquer the Greeks. |
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Hellespont |
A strait where Europe and Asia Minor are less than one mile apart |
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Leonidas |
Spartan king, organized an alliance of 30 Greek cities. |
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The Battle of Thermopylae |
Led by the Spartan king, the Greeks blocked the Persian advance in this battle. It was at a narrow mountain pass in central Greece about six miles from the Aegean Sea. Occurred 480 BC. King Leonidas gave his life trying to hold the Persians off long enough for the majority of Greek soldiers to withdraw. |
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The Battle of Salamis |
Naval battle where the outnumbered Greeks outmaneuvered and rammed the Persian ships, driving King Xerxes I and most of his troops back to Persia. The remaining Persians suffered defeat in 479 BC. |
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Monarchy |
Term means "Rule by One" |
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Aristocracy |
Terms means "Rule by the 'best'" |
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Oligarchy |
Term means "Rule by a few rather than one or many" |
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Tyranny |
A bad form of one-man rule. |
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Democracy |
Term means "Rule by the many or the common people" |
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Helots |
The largest class in Sparta - they were common laborers who farmed the land for the ruling class. |
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Peloponnesian League |
An alliance between Sparta, Corinth, Megara and other cities in the region of southern Greece. During the Persian invasion, they joined with Athens and their allies. |
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Solon |
An aristocrat who introduced democratic principles to Athenian government. |
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Pericles |
An aristocrat who brought Athenian democracy to its fullest measure. He called for fees to be paid to men serving the government. |
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Representative Democracy |
The people elect a few men who represent them in government. |
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Direct Democracy |
The people themselves make the big decisions of government directly, rather than indirectly through representatives. |
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Delian League |
A defensive alliance formed by Athens with about 250 cities on the coasts and islands of the Aegean Sea. |
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Peloponnesian War |
Fought between 431 BC and 404 BC, War between Sparta and Athens. |
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404 BC |
The year Athens surrendered and was forced to pledge allegiance to Sparta. |
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Thebes, 371 BC |
The city that delivered a blow to Sparta, defeating them. The year the Athenians regained their independence. |
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Philosopher |
Term that means "Lovers of Wisdom" |
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Anthropomorphism |
Ascribing human characteristics to nonhuman things |
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Xenophanes |
Greek philosopher who, in sixth century BC, ridiculed Greek polytheism and anthromorphism. |
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Socrates |
Lived 470-399 BC, the first philosopher to insist that morality is a part of philosophy, urged his students to examine their beliefs. "Know thyself" was his advice. |
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Plato |
Lived 428-347 BC; student of Socrates; wrote thirty or more works called dialogues. |
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Aristotle |
Lived 384-322 BC; student of Plato; concluded that there had to be a single, superhuman, thinking Being called God who gave order to everything in the universe. |
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Macedonia |
A kingdom to the north of Greece |
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Philip II |
In 359 BC, became king of Macedonia; conquered most of Greece and wanted them to join him in an attack on Persia. |
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Phalanx |
A large group of foot soldiers armed with spears and shields, trained to charge the enemy as a group. |
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Olympias |
Wife of Philip II who was involved in a plot to have Philip killed in 336 BC. |
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Alexander the Great |
Son of Philip II; became king of Macedonia in 336 BC; defeated Persia between 334-330 BC. |
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Babylon, Susa and Persepolis |
Three Persian cities that Alexander marched through. |
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Hellenistic Age |
The period of several hundred years between Alexander's conquest and the Roman Empire. |
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Alexandria |
A city built in Egypt by Alexander; one of the most important cities in the Hellenistic world. |
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Ptolemy (took Egypt), Antipater (took Macedonia); Laomedon (took Syria, which was the western half of the Fertile Crescent), Seleucus (took the eastern half of the Fertile Crescent) |
Alexander's four generals who divided his kingdom after he had died. |
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Minoans |
These early people lived on the island of Crete. |
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331 BC |
The year Alexander entered Babylon. |
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Persepolis |
Alexander entered this chief city of the Persian homeland by 330 BC. |