Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Citizen/citizenship |
Legal membership of a country or city-state |
|
Acropolis |
The upper part of an ancient Greek city, where public buildings and the city’s defences were located |
|
Polis |
Greek city-state |
|
Aristocracy |
Hereditary class of rulers |
|
Tyranny |
Unjust use of power, or in ancient Greece a government run by a strong ruler |
|
Oligarchy |
Government in which a small group of people rule |
|
Direct democracy |
Government in which citizens take part directly in the day-to-day affairs of government |
|
Representative democracy |
Democracy in which people elect representatives to make the nation’s laws |
|
Ephor |
Man responsible for the day-to-day operation of the government in Sparta |
|
Metic |
Foreigner in a Greek city-state, often a merchant or artisan |
|
Helot |
Messenian person forced to work as a lowly farmer by Sparta |
|
Phalanx |
Greek military formation of heavily armed foot soldiers who moved together as a unit |
|
Trireme |
An ancient Greek or Roman war ship with three banks of oars |
|
Battle of Marathon |
The unexpected Greek victory which signified the end of the First Persian War |
|
Battle of Thermopylae |
The battle in which a Spartan traitor gave the Persians a way through the mountains to defeat Sparta |
|
Battle of Salamis |
The battle in which the Athenians set a trap to destroy the Persian navy |
|
Delian League |
The alliance formed by Athens to protect against the Persians |
|
Peloponnesian League |
The alliance formed by Sparta in fear of the Athenian democracy |
|
Hellenistic World |
The Greek culture that emerged from Alexander’s conquests |
|
Rationalism |
a belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response. |
|
Describe the geography and climate of Greece. Explain how the geography and climate shaped the culture of Ancient Greece. |
Greece was a rugged land surrounded by the sea with a Mediterranean climate. The landscape encouraged the formation of independent city-states instead of one large empire or nation. There was limited farmland, so many city-states had to trade by sea for what they needed. |
|
Athens - Political System |
Direct democracy. All native-born free men were part of the Assembly, who voted on laws and appointed officers |
|
Sparta - Political System |
Oligarchy. Two kings and a council of elders had most of the power in the government |
|
United States of America - Political System |
Representative democracy. 3 branches: Legislative, Executive, Judicial |
|
Greek Citizens |
1) Aristocrats- wealthy, powerful landowning families 2) Small landowning farmers 3) Tenant farmers- farmers who rent land |
|
Greek Non-citizens |
1) Women- don’t have citizenship despite family status 2) Metics- foreign-born people with no voting rights, but were often merchants or artisans 3) Slaves |
|
How did the Greeks used geography to their advantage against the Persians at the Battle of Thermopylae? |
The Greeks used a narrow pass between the mountains and the sea as a bottleneck to defend Greece. The Spartan army met the Persian army at this bottleneck and held off this invasion for several days. |
|
Why was the period after the Persian Wars called Athens’ “Golden Age?” What ended the Golden Age? |
This period was called the Golden Age because it was a high point for the arts, science, and many other fields. With the end of the Persian War, it was also an economically prosperous time. |
|
Positives -- Peloponnesian War |
1) Athenian aggression and dominance was stopped. 2) Sparta and their allies could continue their lives as they wished. |
|
Negatives -- Peloponnesian War |
1) Catastrophic for the Delian League 2) The Plague of Athens killed thousands 3) Inter-city warfare continued even after the war ended |
|
How did Greek culture spread into far-away lands such as India? |
Via the conquest of Alexander the Great, who built an empire as far as the Indus Valley |
|
Was Alexander great? Yes. |
1) Built a vast empire 2) May have ended conflict within the empire 3) Greek culture spread through the empire and blended with the other cultures |
|
Was Alexander great? No. |
1) More focused on conquest than fair rule 2) Brutal methods 3) Empire was very short-lived |
|
How did the Greeks used geography to their advantage against the Persians in the sea Battle of Salamis? |
The Athenian navy ambushed the Persian navy. The Greeks used their maneuverable ships to defeat the Persians by leading them into a narrow pass. |